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ITP FINAL
zITP FINAL
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| experiment | how to make cause and effect statements |
| hypothesis must be _______ and ___________ | mutually exclusive and exhaustive |
| null hypothesis means there is what between the two variables | no relationship |
| extraneous | anything systematically varied other than the idependent variable |
| confounding variable | messes up an experiment |
| operational definition | making a hypothetical construct measurable |
| hawthorne effect | we behave differently when we know we are being observed |
| statistical significance | unlikely to occur by chance, when a result at least as "extreme" would be very infrequent if the null hypothesis were true |
| ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny | Ernst Haeckel's untrue idea that through development we trace evolutionary steps |
| macchiavelli | known for being ruthless --- "the ends justify the means" |
| british empiricism | came before behavioralism |
| Lamark | an organism can pass on it's physical characteristics to it's offspring |
| Gestalt psychologists --- chapter 3 | wertheimer, kohler, koffka |
| wolfgang kohler | -insight -sultan the chimp -Satori (enlightenment) |
| pithiness | "orderliness" brain's craving for simplicity |
| 3 perceptual constancies | size, color, shape |
| 5 gestalt principals | closure, continuity, pragnanz, proximity, and similarity |
| pragnanz | reality is reduced to it's simplest form, we like to see complex things as simple |
| wertheimer | founder of gestalt psychology |
| principal of parsimony/occam's razor | simplest explanation for something is usually best |
| hanlon's razor | don't attribute to malice that which can be explained by stupidity |
| Lewin's contemporaneity idea | you are impacted strongly by a current event when it reminds you of an event from childhood |
| Zeigarnik effect | you remember unfinished things more than finished things |
| double approach avoid was created by _______ and _________ | Dollard and Miller |
| Tavris | not too little, not too much, to the right person |
| george miller ---- chapter 4 | we are good at remembering 7 number digits +-2 |
| loftus | research on how imperssionable memory is. kids internalize things very easily |
| thorndike | Law of effect: responses that are followed by positive consequences are more likely to be repeated |
| shaping | successive approximations in desired behavior as the result of rewarding and punishing |
| contiguous | when it's best to give a reward, if given too late shaping isn't effective |
| language acquisition device was made by who | Noam Chomsky |
| sapir-whorf hypothesis | linguistic relativity. vocabulary used in a language influences how it's people perceive and behave the world |
| alred binet | first to do intelligence testing |
| yerkes | developed army alpha beta |
| goddard | coined the term moron. translated the first IQ test |
| chrombach's alpha | one of terman's termites |
| weschler test | easiest test to administer, more effective |
| standard error | how much does a sample vary from its population --- SD/ā nā1 |
| Galton studied what | eugenics- thought that intelligence was inherited came up w the MEAN |
| pearson 1 | founder of statistics--- product movement correlation coefficient--- made MODE |
| spearman (2) made what | nonparametric correlation (rank order correlation) |
| NOIR | nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio nominal-naming, qualitative ordinal- order, qualitative interval- time, arbitrary zero ratio- has a true zero |
| Wissler proved who wrong | proved Cattell wrong by showing there is NO correlation btwn hand eye coord. and intelligence |
| OCEAN | openness, contientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neurotisism |
| schachter and singer | cognitive appraisal theory of emotion- we determine our emotions through combining our physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation |
| Freud's psychosexual phases | oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital |
| james marcia- exploration and commitment table | adds identity status categories to erikson's theory on identity v. role confusion. identity achievement, identity foreclosure, moratorium, indentity diffusion |
| carl rogers | biggest name in humanism-- says that empathy is curative ALWAYS |
| heinz kohut | big name in empathy- says that empathy is curative when it comes from someone you value, who also values you |
| Maslow said what | "a musician must make music, artist must paint, poet must right if he is to be self-actualized" |
| darley and latane | experimented with bystandard effect |
| milgram | experimented with obedience to authority |
| zimbardo | conducted the stanford prison experiment, which studied situational power |
| social proof | individuals are influenced by the actions and approvals of others, especially those they relate to |
| Solomon Asch conformity experiment | exemplified group think and the power of social influence |
| stereotype threat | concept that what you think your identity is, effects your performance |
| attribution bias | we believe we are responsible for an event, rather than external factors |
| attribution theory- Bernard Weiner | perceived causes of previous events affect what will be attempted in the future. |
| self perception theory | I haven't tried this, I don't like it |
| what does Lazarus say about stress | it's not just an event, it is a stimulus response transaction |
| Hans Selye | made the G.A.S. |
| walter cannon | first described fight or flight response |
| cortisol | stress hormone secreted by adrenals ontop of kidneys |
| differential diagnosis | symptoms of illnesses overlap and we need to find out which illness it is |
| panacea | another word for cure-all |
| loose associations | making connections that arent there |
| perseveration | dwelling/ruminating on something |
| ODD- opposition defiant disorder | being in opposition to what someone is being told to do |
| antabuse | medicine that makes you sick when in contact w any alcohol |
| inflation | a token will motivate someone at first, but they will need to do more and more for it at some point |
| behaviorists | albert ellis and aaron beck |
Created by:
liz gelles