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Ch. 6 Terms+Tables
Terms and Tables from Ch.6
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Alligation alternate | A mathematical method of solving problems that involves the mixing of two solutions or two solids with different percentage weights to achieve a desired third strength |
| Apothecary system | A system of measurement once used in the practice of pharmacy to measure both volume and weight; this system has been mostly replaced by the metric system |
| Avoirdupois system | A system of measurement previously used in pharmacy for the determination of weight in ounces and pounds; this system has been mostly replaced by the metric system |
| Conversion factor | A fraction with the numerical value of 1, which is used to convert one unit to another without changing the value of the number |
| Diluent/solvent | An inert product, either liquid or solid, that is added to a preparation to reduce the strength of the original product |
| Dilution | The process of adding a diluent or solvent to a compound, resulting in a product of increased volume or weight and lower concentration |
| Dimensional analysis (DA) | A method used to solve complicated pharmaceutical calculations that would require numerous sets of ratio and proportion problems; the main benefit of using DA is the ability to keep track of units during the process |
| Drip rate (DR) or drop rate | The number of drops (gtt) administered over a specific time by an intravenous infusion (eg, gtt/min) |
| Drop factor | The size of drops coming through the tubing; the size is measured in drops per milliter (gtt/ mL) and is found on the tubing package |
| Household system | A system of measurement commonly used in the United States; it measures volumes using household utensils |
| Infusion rate or flow rate | The amount of intravenous (IV) solution administered over a specific period (eg, mL/min, mL/hr, gtt/min); volume/time |
| International time | A 24-hour method of keeping time; hours are not distinguished as am or pm, but rather are counted continuously throughout the day |
| International System of Units (SI) | A system of measurement based on seven base units with change units by multiples of 10; the modern metric system are taken from the French Système International d'Unités and were adopted to provide a single worldwide system of weights and measures |
| Markup | The amount added to a wholesale price (usually a percentage) to make a profit |
| Metric system | The approved system of measurement for pharmacy in the United States based on multiples of 10; the basic units of measurement are the gram (g) for weight, the liter (L) for volume, and the meter (m) for length |
| Milliequivalent (mEq) | A type of unit used in the United States to express the concentration of electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium |
| Retail price | The wholesale price plus markup |
| Units | assigned to medications called biologicals that have been tested for potency in biological systems; units are specific to each medication; therefore units of one medication cannot be compared with units of a different medication |
| Volume | The amount of liquid enclosed within a container |
| Wholesale cost | The purchase price of a product (in this case, medicine) that is then marked up for resale |
| Roman Numerals | 1- I, 5-V, 10-X, 20-XX, 30-XXX, 40-XL, 50-L, 60-LX, 70-LXX, 80-LXXX, 90-XC, 100- C, 500- D, 600- DX, 700- DXX, 800- DXXX, 900- CM, 1000- M |
| nano- | One-billionth of the basic unit |
| micro- | One-millionth of the basic unit |
| milli- | One-thousandth of the basic unit |
| centi- | One-hundredth of the basic unit |
| deci- | One-tenth of the basic unit |
| deca- | 10 times the basic unit |
| hecto- | 100 times the basic unit |
| kilo- | 1000 times the basic unit |
| 1 drop | gtt |
| 1 teaspoon tsp | 60 drops 5mL |
| 1 Tablespoon tbsp | 3 tsp 15mL |
| 1 ounce oz | 2 tbsp 30oz 30g (avoirdupois) |
| 1 Cup C | 8 oz |
| 1 pint pt | 2 C 480mL 473mL (Avoirdupois) |
| 1 quart qt | 2 pt |
| 1 gallon gal | 4 qt 3840mL 3785mL (Avoirdupois) |
| 1lbs (avoirdupois) | 454g |
| 1gr (grain; avoirdupois) | 64.8mg |
| Dilution formula | SV •SP = DV• DP Amount of diluent needed = DV - SV Amount of diluent = DW - SW |
Created by:
Yari06