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Clinical Buzzwords
Buzzwords used in medical examinations
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Monoclonal spike on serum electrophoresis (M-protein) | Multiple myeloma |
| Smudge cells on peripheral smear | CLL |
| “Palpable olive” | Pyloric Stenosis |
| “String sign” (long narrow pyloric lumen) | Pyloric Stenosis |
| “Bag of worms” in scrotum | Varicocele |
| “Boggy uterus” | Adenomyosis |
| Steeple sx on x-ray | croup |
| Thumb sx on x-ray | epiglottitis |
| “Cherry red spot” (red fovea) on Fundoscopy | CRAO |
| “Blood and Thunder retina” | CR Vein occlusion |
| Rust-colored sputum | Strep. Pneumo PNA |
| Currant Jelly sputum | Klebsiella pneumo. PNA |
| Unilateral ptosis, anhidrosis, miosis | Horner’s Syndrome |
| Parenchymal bullae or subpleural blebs | Emphysema (patho.) |
| ECG - S1Q3 inverted T3 | PE |
| CXR honeycombing | pulmonary fibrosis or bronchiectasis |
| Lung bx - nonencaseating granulomas | Sarcoidosis |
| “Hot potato voice” | peritonsillar abscess |
| CXR visceral pleural line or “deep sulcus sign” on supine | PTX |
| Pharyngeal gray pseudomembrane | Diphtheria |
| Electrical alternans on ECG | cardiac effusion (patho.) |
| Osler nodes (pnful finger, toe, feet lesions), Janeway lesions (pnless palm and sole lesions), Roth spots (exudative retinal lesions/hemhorrages) | Infective Endocarditis |
| Bite cells (loss of Heinz body) on peripheral smear | G6PD deficiency |
| Heinz bodies on peripheral smear | G6PD def. or thalassemia |
| “Beefy red tongue” | pronounced anemia |
| Pica | Fe deficiency |
| Macro-ovalocytes and hypersegmented PMNs | Folate def. anemia (patho.) |
| Pancytopenia with circulating blasts | acute leukemia |
| Auer rods on peripheral smear (needle-like inclusions in eosinophiles) | AML (can also be ALL, but less likely) |
| Blast-crisis | CML |
| Reed-Sternberg Cells on LN bx | Hodgkin’s Lymphoma |
| Rouleau Formation on peripheral smear | Multiple Myeloma |
| Bence Jones Proteins in urine | Muliple Myeloma |
| “Parrot-beaked” esophagus (dilated esophagus taper to the distal obstruction) on barium swallow | Achalasia |
| Cobblestone-pattern filling defects with segmental areas of involvement (skip lesions) on Barium enema or CT | Chron’s Dz. |
| Currant Jelly stools | Intussusception |
| Sausage-like mass on abdominal exam | Intussusception |
| Chvostek’s Sign (twitch facial nerve on tap) | Hypocalcemia |
| Trousseau’s Sign (carpal tunnel spasm with BP cuff for 3 min.) | Hypocalcemia |
| Herberden’s nodes (DIP nodes) | OA |
| Bouchard’s nodes (PIP nodes) | OA |
| Swan neck deformity (flexed DIP, extended PIP, flexed MCP) | RA |
| Boutinniere deformity (extended DIP, flexed PIP) | RA |
| Subcutaneous nodules on extensor surfaces | RA (patho.) |
| Koebner’s phenomenon (maculopapular rash elicited by scratching that appears in the evening) | Juvenile RA |
| “Cup and Saucer” appearance of proximal phalanx on x-ray | Psoriatic arthritis |
| Tinel’s sign (percussion of volar wrist causes tingling) | Carpal Tunnel |
| Phalen’s sign (wrist flexion for 1 min causes pain) | Carpal Tunnel |
| Fx of 5th MC neck | Boxer’s fx |
| Distal radial fx with dorsal angulation | Colle’s fx |
| Distal radial fx with volar angulation | Smith’s fx |
| Sprain of ulnar collateral ligament of thumb | Gamekeeper’s thumb |
| Anterior fat pad sign | hemarthrosis in radial head fx |
| Anatomical snuffbox pain | Scaphoid fx |
| “Bamboo appearance” on x-ray of spine | Ankylosing Spondylitis |
| “Cresent sign” of hip on x-ray | Avascular necrosis of hip |
| Posterior Fat pad sign | Radial Head fx |
| Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles | Alzheimer’s |
| Battle sx | Basilar skull fx |
| WBC casts | pyelo. (or nephritis) |
| Hyaline casts | ARF (or normal in athletes) |
| Renal Tubular Epitheleal cell casts (“muddy brown casts”) | ATN |
| RBC casts | glomerulonephritis |
| Positive Finkelstein (pain with fist ulnar deviation) | DeQuervain’s |
| Pedunculated bone mass capped in cartilage | Osteochondroma |
| Gottron’s sx (scaly, papule rash on dorsal hands) | Dermatomyositis |
| Heliotrope rash (eyelid erythema) | Dermatomyositis (or SLE) |
| Low morning cortisol with elevated ACTH | Addison’s disease |
| More than 125 mg/dL urine cortisol in 24 hours | Cushings |
| Milkman lines or Looser zones (pseudofractures) | Osteomalacia |
| Eruptive and tendious xanthomas | Hyperlipidemia (patho.) |
| Petechial rash with meningeal sxs | Neisseria Meningitidis |
| KOH hyphae and spores (“spaghetti and meatballs”) | Tinea versicolor |
| S-shaped burrows on skin | Scabies |
| “Snowstorm” on TVU with elevated BHcg | Hydatidiform mole |
| “Rope-like” on CBE | Fibrocystic breasts |
| Herald patch then “Christamas tree” appearing rash | Pityrasis Rosea |
| Oncholysis with oil spots | Psoriasis (patho.) |
| Hot tub folliculitis | Pseudomonas aureginosa |
| Terry’s nails (white nail bed) | Liver disease/cirrhosis |
| Azure (blue) lunulae on nails | Wilson’s disease |
| Absent or decreased femoral pulses with a murmur | Coarctation of the aorta (patho.) |
| Kayser-Fleischer rings (brown rings btw iris and cornea) | Wilson’s Disease |
| Boot-shaped heart | RVH from Tet. Of Fallot |
| “Egg on a string” (narrow mediastinum) | Transposition of Great Vessels |
| Lower BP in arms vs legs | Coarct. Aorta |
| Barking cough like a seal | Croup |
| “Figure 3 sign” on CXR | Coarct. Aorta |
| “Machine-like” murmur | Patent Ductus Arteriosis |
| Absence of “Scottie-Dog” sign on spinal film | Spondyloysis |
| Inability to pass NGT in an infant | Choanal Atresia |
| Palpable, non-tender gallbladder (Courvoisier’s sign) | Pancreatic CA |
| Charcot’s triad (fever, chills, RUQ pain, jaundice) | Ascending Cholangitis |
| “Bird beak” deformity on x-ray | Achalasia or Sigmoid Volvulus |
| Apple-core lesion on Barium Enema | Colon CA |
| Lead pipe deformity (loss of normal haustral markings) on Barium Enema | UC |
| Clue cells on wet-prep and positive Whiff test (amine odor) | BV (Gardnerella vaginalis) |
| “Strawberry” Cervix | Trichomonas |
| Hyphae and buds on KOH Prep | Vaginal Candidiasis |
| “String sign”/ Sign of Kantor (Stricture or Stenosis) on Barium Enema | Chron’s disease |
| Chandelier Sign on pelvic/speculum exam (cervical motion tenderness) | PID |
| Koplik spots-grains of sand on an erythematous base (Blue-White buccal lesions) | Measles/Rubeola (patho.) |
| “Sandpaper” rash (like sunburn with goosebumps) | Scarlet Fever |
| “Strawberry tongue” | Scarlet Fever |
| “Honey” golden crusts on face | Impetigo (Streptococcus Pyoderma) |
| Gram-positive, encapsulated, box-shaped rods in chains | Cutaneous Anthrax |
| “Rice-water” diarrhea (gray, turbid, and without odor, blood, or pus) | Cholera |
| “Pea-soup” Diarrhea | Enteric/Typhoid fever |
| Hyperplastic prickle cells with excess keratin | HPV skin warts |
| Koilocytotic squamous cells or vacuolated Squamous epithelial cells in clumps on Pap | HPV cervical warts |
| Multinucleated giant cells on Tzanck Smear | Herpes Simplex Virus |
| Intracytoplasmic inclusions (“owl’s eyes”) on tissue biopsy | CMV |
| “Pizza pie” (neovascularization with profliferation) on Fund | CMV |
| “Satellite lesions” on buttocks | Diaper dermatitis with candida |
| “Bull’s eye” skin lesion | Erythema Migrans from Lyme Dz. |
| “String of Pearls” on ovarian US | PCOS |
| “Sack of grapes” or “grape-like vesicles” on TVU | Complete Hydatidiform Mole |
| 5 Ps (purple, planar, polygonal, pruritic papule) | Lichen Planus |
| Lesions that have white lines (Wickham’s striae) | Lichen Planus |
| “Slapped cheek” syndrome | Parvovirus B19/ Fifth’s Dz/ Erythema Infecticosum |
| Cobblestoning on colonoscopy | Crohn’s Disease |
| Dance sign (no BS in RLQ) | Intussesception |
| Rovsing sx (LLQ palpation produces RLQ pain) | Appendicitis |
| Aaron sx (McBurney’s point palpation causes stomach or chest pain) | Appendicitis |
| Gram (-) intracellular diplococci | Neisseria gonorrheae |
| Chadwick sign (blue cervix) | Pregnancy |
| Hairlike cytoplasmic projections on lymphocytes | Hairy Cell Leukemia |
| “Tea and Toast diet” | Folate Deficiency |
| Perihilar infiltrates (“butterfly pattern”) | PCP PNA |
| “Floppy baby syndrome” | Botulism |
| Rose spots after initial infection symptoms | Typhoid fever (and other Salmonella infections) |
| (+) Widal agglutination test | Typhoid fever |
| “Whirlpool” of intraluminal worms on KUB | Ascariasis (Ascaris Lumbricoides) |
| Pear-shaped trophozoites with 2 nuclei and 4 flagella | Giardia |
| Multiple ring-enhancing lesions on brain CT or MRI in HIV pt | Toxoplasmosis |
| (+) Heterophil antibodies (monospot) | Mononucleosis |
| Negri bodies on brain tissue | Rabies |
| Vesicular rash at different stages | Varicella |
| Nikolsky’s Sign (manual pressure separates epidermis from the dermis) | Pemphigus Vulgaris (or toxic epidermal necrolysis) |
| Coral red fluorescence with Wood’s lamp | Erythrasma |
| Bile stained eggs and proglottids in stool exam | Fish tapeworm |
| Flagellated, curved, oxidase (+) gram (-) rods in stool | Campylobacter jejuni |
| “Coin-shaped” or “Discoid” plaques with vesicles and papules | Nummular eczema |
| Encapsulated organisms on India Ink | Cryptococcus neoformans |
| “Fungus ball” on CXR | Aspergillus fumigatus PNA |
| Umilicated papules | Molluscum Contagiosum |
| Fruity breath | DKA |
| “Pill-rolling” tremor | Parkinsons |
| “Moon facies and buffalo hump” | Cushings |
| Spontaneous Hemarthroses | Hemophilia |
| Triple Layered sputum | Brochiectasis |
| Cafe aulait spots and rubbery skin nodules | Neurofibromatosis |
| “Stuck on” waxy lesion | Seb. K |
| (+) Scotch tape test | Pinworms |
| Anatomical Snuffbox tenderness | Scaphoid fx |
| Spontaneous Hemarthroses | Hemophilia |
| Distended neck veins, decreased BP, muffled heart sounds- Beck's Triad | Cardiac tamponade |
| Double bubble sign on abd xray | Duodenal atresia in an infant |
| Auspitz sign (pin point bleed on peeling of scab) | Psoriasis |
| “Onion skin" appearance on x-ray | Ewings sarcoma |
| Rodent ulcer | Basal cell ca |
| Prominent epicanthal folds, sandal toe, and simian creases | Downs Syndrome |
| Heavy, painless vaginal bleeding in the 2nd or 3rd trimester | Placentia previa |
| Heavy, painful vaginal bleeding in the 2nd or 3rd trimester | Placenta abruption |
| Presence of a paratesticular nodule at the superior aspect of the testicle, with its characteristic blue-dot appearance (Blue-dot sign) | testicular appendix torsion (patho.) |
| Delta waves on EKG | Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome |
| Kerley B lines on CXR | CHF (or pulm. Fibrosis or carcinomatosis) |
| “Ring of fire” on US | Ectopic Pregnancy |
| Dinner fork deformity | Colle’s fx |
| Tearing chest pain radiating to the back in a very tall male with long, slender hands/fingers | Marfan Syndrome – aortic dissection |
| “Dew drops on a rose petal” | Chicken pox |
| Drusen spots (hard yellow-white deposits in the macula under pigment epithelium) | Macular Degeneration (nonexudative) |
| Brushfield spots (on the iris) | Down’s Syndrome |
| Funduscopic - Arteriolar constriction, flame hemorrhages, cotton wool spots, hard exudates | HTN Retinopathy |
| Funduscopic - Cotton wool spots, hemorrhages, microaneurysms, hard exudates, venous dilatation | Nonproliferative DM Retinopathy (early) |
| Funduscopic - Cotton wool spots, hemorrhages, microaneurysms, hard exudates, neovascularization | Proliferatvie DM Retinopathy (late) |
| Negative Birefringent needle-shaped crystals (parallel and yellow) | Gout |
| Positive Birefringent rhomboid-shaped crystals (Perpendicular and blue) | Pseudogout |
| “Sunburst” on bone x-ray | Osteosarcoma |
| Bubbly lytic lesion on x-ray (“ground-glass”) | Fibrous Dysplasia |
| “Corkscrew” esophagus on barium swallow | Esophageal spasm |
| Cullen and Grey-Turner sxs | Necrotizing Pancreatitis (also in ectopic) |
| Sausage digits | Reiter’s |
| “Shaggy” mucosa on barium swallow | Candida |
| Multiple, small, volcanic-shaped ulcers on barium swallow | Herpes |
| Large, deep linear ulcers on barium swallow | CMV |
| Hazy/steamy cornea with a fixed, dilated pupil | Angle-closure glaucoma |
| Bell-clapper deformity | Abnormal attachment of testis in the scrotum (risk factor for torsion) |
| Prehn sign (pain relieved with elevation of scrotum) | Epididymitis |
| “Racoon eyes” | Orbital fx |
| CSF oligoclonal bands | MS |
| Lhermitte sign (electrical feeling down the back with neck flexion) | MS |
| Hemorrhagic necrosis of temporal lobes on CT | Herpetic encephalitis |
| Intravenous inclusions/Pick bodies | Pick dz. |
| Pellagra (diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia) | Niacin def. |
| Diffuse vacuolar changes of gray matter with reactive astrocytosis on cortical bx | Creutzfeldt-Jakob Dz. |
| “Eggshell” pattern from calcified LNs on CXR | Silicosis |
| Low plasma rennin with increased 24 hour urine aldosterone | Hyperaldosteronism |
| Dimple sx on ant. Medial surface of the knee | Posterolateral knee dislocation |
| Yellow CSF from hemolysis (xanthochromia) | Subarachnoid bleed |
| Hanging teardrop sign (herniation of orbital fat into max. sinus) | Orbital fx |
| Open bomb-bay door sign (bone fragments in the sinus) | Orbital fx |
| Silver, copper-wiring and AV nicking on Fund. | HTN retinopathy |
| Westmark sign (regional area of decreased pulm. Vascularity on CXR | PE |
| Peripheral wedge-shaped consolidation/shadow on pleural surface (Hamptom hump) | PE |
| Shoulder sx (bulge of pyloric m. into the antrum) | Pyloric Stenosis |
| Kayser-Fleisher rings (green-yellow ring around cornea) | Wilsons dz |
| Synovial proliferation with pannus formation | RA |
| Codman’s sign (peri-osteal elevation that forms an angle with the bone cortex) | Osteosarcoma |
| Bilious vomiting and abdominal distention in a newborn | Duodenal atresia |
| A single or hypoechoic ring with a hyperechoic center (target/donut sign) on US | Intussusception |
| “Thumbprinting” of bowel | Ischemia |
| “Sentinel Loop” or “Colon cut-off sx” of gas pattern on KUB | Pancreatitis |
| Curschmann spirals (mucus casts in small airways) | Asthma |
| Signet Ring (thick bronchial walls) on CXR | Bronchiectasis |
| Schaumann’s bodies and asteroid bodies | Sarcoidosis |
| Virchow’s node (L supraclavicular LAD) | Mets from GI tumor |
| Anti-glomerular Basement membrane Abs with hematuria and hemoptysis | Good-Pasteur’s Syndrome (patho.) |
| Honey-combing with calcified parietal pleural plaques | Asbestosis |
| Kerley B lines | CHF |
| Pericardial Friction rub | Pericarditis |
| “Water bottle” appearance of cardiac silhouette | Pericardial effusion |
| Erythema Marginatum (“bathing suit distribution”) | Rheumatic fever |
| Murmur with wide pulse pressure | Aortic Insuff. |
| Osborn wave aka. J wave (upward deflection of S wave) | Hypothermia (patho.) |
| “Diamond-shaped murmur” (crescendo-decrescendo) on precordial chest | Aortic Stenosis |
| Mid-systolic click | Mitral Valve Prolapse |
| Opening snap murmur | Mitral stenosis |
Created by:
Marywood