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ap psych unit 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| critical period | if a skill EX language isn't learned during this time it will be much harder to learn later |
| Konrad lorenz | attachment is important to humans and other species raised goslings found out about critical period |
| midlife and beyond | everything declines |
| primary sex characteristics | men spermarche first nut. women menstruel period. specific for sex |
| secondary sex characteristics | for men body hair, voice breaks, muscle growth. and for female breasts grow, pubic hair, and wide hips. |
| Adolescent egocentrism | belief that their experiences are unique and that their parents or others could not possibly understand what they are going through “You’ll never understand what it’s like...I loved him” cringe |
| androgynous personality | display men and female characteristics |
| jean piaget | made theory of discontinuous cognitive development criticized for it because he underestimated children and information mprocessing model says children don't learn in stages but continously |
| sensorimotor | From birth through first two years(ish) Sensory and motor contact exploration Object permanence - (8 mo) objects exist even when hidden Stranger anxiety - when confronted with individuals that are unknown to them (when parents not there) |
| preoperational | From 2 to 6/7 Symbolic and egocentric thinking Pretend play, Animism, Artificialism - anything that exists must have been made by something Egocentrism - seeing the world only through their own perspective one dimensional thinking two cups same amount |
| concrete operational | Concrete Operational Stage From 7 to 11/12 Can think logically about concrete objects and do simple math Conservation develops Two-dimensional thinking - ability to solve problems by manipulating images in one’s own mind reversibility 1+3=3+1 |
| psychology acronym for baby stages | Students of Psychology Can Fly |
| Formal operational | Formal Operational Stage From 12 to adult Abstract and hypothetical thinking If this...then that Make predictions Strategy and planning become possible Thinking about issues like being accepted by peers, love, fairness |
| lev vygotsky and sociocultural perspective | social and cultural environment allows children to progress through development stages at different rates |
| fluid intelligencee | to solve problems see relationships and think abstractly |
| crystallized intelligence | accumulated intelligence over time and ability to use skills knowledge and experience |
| phoneme smallest distinctive SOUND in a language 40 in english | b-a-ts 3 phonemes |
| Morpheme smallest UNIT that carries some meaning (semantic interpretation?) | bats- one morpheme |
| cooing stage | one of the earliest phases in language development 2-4m |
| babling stage | begins at 4m this is a stage of speech development |
| one word stage | 1-2yr child speaks one word |
| two word speech/ telegraphic speech | child speaks 2 words but sounds like a telegram |
| most language development | 5-10yr can speak in full sentences learned 80% language ever needed |
| ecological systems theory like the circle system thing | how social environment shapes human development |
| microsystem | friends, family, immediate, environment EX microsystem change moving first system |
| mesosystem | interactions in microsystem without knowledge EX teacher parent conference |
| exosystem | indirect influence neighbors, community, media |
| macrosystem | social and cultural values, geography, religon (possible micro system) |
| chronosystem | time, biological development, parents divorce things outside your nature and last system |
| diana baumrind | made the 5 parenting styles |
| permissive | 2 types over indulgent gives them what they want and see's them as friends or neglectful and give nothing EX I had a child!?!? |
| authoriTARIAN | complete subjugation of childs will very strict and lowers self esteem EX what's a opinion |
| authoriTATIVE | the worse and best of authoritative and permissive you might get a opinion and they can lean more to one side children have high self esteem, good decision making, well balanced |
| childs temperament | can make the parent have non direct biases if its a good or bad temperament temperament is a measure of a childs activity level, sociability, and emotionality |
| easy temperament | cry little and easy to calm down |
| difficult temperament | less predictable and irritable |
| slow to warm up temperament | hesitant to interact with new people and shy away from new situations |
| Erik eriksons stage infancy | trust vs mistrust (if basic needs are met a basic sense of trust develops if not becomes fearful of others) RESOLUTION is hope |
| Erik Eriksons stage of toddlerhood 1-3yr | autonomy vs shame and doubt (child develops sense of indepence or self doubt develops) EX me do it resolution willpower |
| preschool 3-6yr | initiative vs guilt (child beings to initiate tasks and plans in play or initiative is held back by guilt) resolution purpose |
| elementary school 6yr till puberty | competence/ industry vs inferiority (child discovers academic abilities and social relationships or develops feelings of inferiority) resolution is competence |
| adolescense teen years into 20s | identity role vs confusion ( teenagers develop sense of identity or confusion about self occurs) resolution fidelity |
| young adulthood 20s to early 40s | intimacy vs isolation (young adults develop intimate relationships or they experience isolation) resolution love |
| middle adulthood 40-60yrs | generativity vs stagnation (individuals reflect on lifes work and if their promoting something beneficial for younger gens. generating knowledge to the next gen ) if failed feelings of not doing anything and simply moving in life stagnation or lifes work |
| late adulthood 60s-death | integrity vs despair ( reflect lifes satisfaction and evaluate whether life has been well lived if they dont they feel saddened and despaired with no meaning in life) resolution satisfaction |
Created by:
kirbo