momentum is the product of the

mass of an object and its velocity

rutherfords experiments in 1911 showed that the atom was composed of

a nucleus with an electron cloud

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physics final ?

Question	Answer
when atoms of various elements combine and SHARE electrons, they form ____	molecules
a xray tube cools primarily through the process of	radiation
in the US, the first fatality from xray exposure was reported in	1904
what is the formula for kinetic energy	KE= 1/2mv^2
during beta emission, an atom releases	electrons
the atomic number of an element is symbolized by the letter	Z
wilhem Roentgen discovered xrays while experimenting with the	crookes tube
an atom that loses or gains more electrons is a	ion
roentgen discovered xrays by noticing the fluorescent glow of ___ during one of his experiments with a cathode ray tube	barium platinocyanide
according to the 2006 data report of NCRP, what percentage of annual dose equivalent to radiation exposure is as a result of medical and dental exposure	48%
the term "atom" was first used by the	greeks
ionizing radiation is capable of removing ___ from atoms as it passes through the matter	electrons
a neutral atom has the same number of _____ and electrons	protons
what type of bond is used in a chemical compound	ionic
the first person to describe an element as being composed of identical atoms	john dalton
radio waves, light, and xrays are all examples of _____ energy	electromagnetic
smallest particle of an element	atom
filtration is used to	absorb low energy xrays
Molybdenum: atomic number is 42, atomic mass number is 98. how many neutrons are there?	98-42+56
what is the formula for work	W=Fd
the velocity of light is written as	c=3*10^8 m/s
momentum is the product of the	mass of an object and its velocity
what is the base SI unit for mass	kilogram
momentum is a _____ quantity	derived
the ___ is the least penetrating for ionizing radiation	alpha particle
the innermost electron shell is sybolized by the letter	K
what is the SI unit for velocity	meter/second
what is the SI unit for force	newton
energy is measured in	joules
the periodic table was developed by	mendeleev
aluminum: atomic number 13, atomic mass 27 how many proton are there?	27-13= 14
what is the SI unit for power	watt
rutherfords experiments in 1911 showed that the atom was composed of	a nucleus with an electron cloud
what are the fundamental particles of an atom	proton, electron, neutron
what system of units uses the foot, the pound, and seconds?	british
the basic quantities	mass, length, time
the observation that early radiologists were developing radiation related illnesses led to the use of	lead gloves and aprons
the unit for work is	joule
two identical atoms which exist at different energy states (think of impractical jokers)	isomer
the biggest source of man made ionizing radiation exposure to the public is	diagnostic xray
the traditional unit used for the measurement of occupational exposure in the US is	rem/ sievert
when an atom has the same number of protons as another, but different number of neutrons	isotope
the binding energies, or energy levels, of electrons are represented by their	shells
the main different between xrays and gamma rays are their	origin
a positively charges nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons in well defines orbits is the	bohr model
what is the removal of an electron from an atom called	ionization
maximum number of electrons within a shell is calculated with the formula	2n^2
the study of objects in motion is the branch of physics called	mechanics
newtons second law is written mathmatically as	F=ma
a moving object has	kinetic energy
atoms are the fundamental building blocks of	matter
what is the equation for velocity	v=d/t
an example of a derived quantity in mechanical physics is	velocity
an atom in a normal state has an electrical charge of	zero
what is the SI unit for acceleration	meter/second^2
the carbon element (z number =6) would be in group ___	4
___ is a special quantity of radiologic science	radioactivity
the chemical element is determined by the number of ___ in an atom	protons
___ is the KE of the random motion of molecules	heat
the lowest energy range on the electromagnetic spectrum	sound waves
electrical power is measured in	watts
what is the electromagnetic wave equation	c=fy (wavelength)
in the US alternating current goes through a complete cycle every	1/60 second
what is ohms law	I=VR
___ uses direct current	flashlight
according to <Mr. Parr, what can microwaves do	cook your popcorn
an alternation current is represented by a	sinusoidal line
a coil of wire is called a	solenoid
the diagnostic range of xray energy is	30-150
mechanical motion produces electric current in the	electric generator
the ___ of electromagnetic radiation is constant	velocity
a ___ is a source of direct current	battery
the rotation of electrons on their axis is the property called	electron spin
the most efficient type of transformer is the	shell type transformer
in a series circuit	the total resistance is the sum of each individual resistance
rubber and glass are	insulators
the rate of rise and fall of a sine wave is called	frequency
a charged particle creates a	magnetic field
the first battery was made of stacks of ___ and ___ plates sandwiched together	zinc, copper
gamma rays are produced in the	nucleus
the mass of a 100kV photon can be calculated using the	einsteins relativity formula
like charges	repel
unlike charges	attract
the circuit element that allows electrons to flow in only one direction	diode
a hertz is equal to	1 cycle per second
the magnetic intensity of an electromagnet is greatly addition of an	iron core
the intensity of radiation on an object is reduced with distance because	the radiation spreads out over a greater area
if the wavelength of a beam of electromagnetic radiation increases by a factor of 2, then its frequency must	decrease by half
the degree to which a material can be magnetized	magnetic susceptibility
the smallest unit of magnetism	does not exist
what type of material can be made magnetic when placed in an external magnetic field	ferromagnetic
the smallest unit of electrical charge outside of the nucleus	electron
on the surface of an electrified object, the charge concentrates on	the sharp curvatures
an induction motor is used in an xray imaging system to	rotate the anode
two basic types of induction	self, mutual
electrification occurs through the movement of	only electrons
the charges on an electrifies object are distributed	evenly throughout the object
when a group of magnetic dipoles are aligned, they create	magnetic domain
faradays experiments proved that a current could be induced by a magnetic field only if the field is	changing
oersted discovered that an electric current flowing through a wire would affect a	compass
what is the SI unit of magnetic field strength	tesla
4 properties of photons	frequency, wavelength, velocity, amplitude
unit of electric potential	volt
the energy of a photon is directly proportional to its	frequency
a difference between self-induction and mutual induction is that	mutual requires two coils and self only requires one
in a parallel circuit the total current is the	sum of the individual currents
xrays are usually identifies by their	velocity
the smallest quantity of any type of electromagnetic radiation is a	photon
alternating current is produced by a	generator
the current to a transformer must be supplied by an	AC source 7
photons with the highest frequencies have the	shortest wavelength
an electrical component that may work through self-induction is the	transformer
photons tend to interact with matter ___ their wavelength q	equal in size to
reduction in radiation intensity that results from absorption and scattering	attenuation
a transformer converts	electrical potential to a higher or lower intensity
lenz law states that an induced current flows in a direction that ___ the action that produces it	opposes
a trasnformer "transformer" or changes electric	voltage
the ___ are outside the glass envelope	stators
T/F the voltages an autotransformer receives and provides is determined by the number of windings enclosed by the respective connections	true
with half wave rectification the current flows through the xray tube during ____ parts of the cycle	positive
because of the line focus principle, the effective focal spot size decreases with decreasing	target angle
voltage across the xray tube is most constant with	high frequency generators
the external structure of the xray tube includes the support structure, the protective housing, and	the glass envelope
the ___ circuit provides electrons for the xray tube current	filament
the three main parts of the xray imaging system are the xray tube,	operating console, and high voltage generator
a step down transformer is located in the	filament circuit
the most accurate type of timer is the	electronic timer
the xray beam generated by the circuit with the ____ voltage ripple has the ____ quantity and quality	lowest, highest
the filament is made of	tungsten
thermionic emission at the filament creates	space charge
the rotating anode is turned by a	magnetic field
T/F the primary reason that filtration is added to the xray beam is to decrease pt dose	true
T/F when the voltage is increased through a step-up trasnformer, the amperage will decrease	true
the operating console contains circuits that are	low voltage only
high capacity tube rotors revolve at	10,000 rpm
the main reason that an xray beam weakens as it travels away from the xray tube is due to	divergence of the beam
the difference between the primary and secondary sides of the high voltage trasnformer is the	amplitude
full wave rectified, 3 phase units provide an xray beam at	360 pulses per second
the effective FS size is ____ the actual FS size	smaller than
T/F generally a small focal spot allows for longer exposure times than a large focal spot	false
extrafocal or off focus radiation is produced from	rebounding electrons landing on other areas of the target
what is the most common cause of tube failure	tungsten vaporization
the single phase waveform has ___ ripple	100%
T/F smaller angles will produce a smaller effective focal spot size than larger angles	true
the target of the rotating anode is usually coated with a	tungsten alloy
a dual focus tube has two	filaments
the xray generator with the lowest power rating is the	single phase imaging system
the step up transformer in an xray imaging system increases voltage ___ times	500-1000
the first to receive power in the xray tube	autotransformer
the source of radiation in the xray tube	focal spot
the autotransformer has	one winding
variation in power distribution to the xxray machine are corrected by	line volatge compensator
the principal disadvantage of 3phase equipment	cost
tube rating charts show	max exposure time
___% of electrons are turned to heat	99
the negative side of the tube holds the	filament
an object is electrified with an atom has too few or too many	electrons
xrays have constant	velocity
what allows electrons to flow free and easy an still hold true to ohms law	conductor
powers the rotating anode	induction motor
the series circuit is the total resistence equal to	the sum of each individual resistance elements
not a property of a photon	magnitude
what devide converts electrical energy to mechanical energy	motor
a current carrying wire wrapped around an iron core that intensifies that magnetic field is	electromagnet
electric power is measured in	watts
which interaction involves the ejection of the k shell electron	photoelectric
added filtration will ___ beam quality and ___ beam quantity	increase, decrease
high kVp techniques	reduce pt dose
interaction that will result in a subsequent annihilation reaction	pair production
interaction that retains at least 2/3 of the original energy after interacting with the target atom	compton scatter
interaction that results in nuclear fragments being emitted	photodisintegration
incident xray interacts with an atom without ionization during	coherent
image fog is caused by	compton
increase kVp, ___ amplitude and	increase, peak position
increase mAs, ___ amplitude	increase, ONLY amp.
interaction that occurs below 10 kV	coherent
bremmsstraulung xrays are produced by	slowing electrons
interaction that causes bones to appear radiopaque	PE
quantity	mAs
efficieny/ quality	kVp
the useful characteristic xrays from tungsten targets are	k shell xrays
HVL measures beam	quality
characteristic k shell xrays have an effective energy of	69 keV
negative contrast agent	air
energys above 10 MeV	photo disintegration
results in a characteristic xrays filling the inner shell	PE
when kVp increases, the probability of PE	decreases
greatest mass density	bone
form of radiation production	bremsstrahlung
penetrability	quality
responsible for back scatter and occupational dose	compton
bremsstrahlung form ___ emission spectrums	continuous
electron interaction at the inner shell of the target atoms produce	characteristic radiation
about ___ of the incident xrays contribute to the finished image	.5%
most of the xrays produced at the target are	bremsstrahlung
interaction responsible for pt dose	PE
___ of the kinetic energy of the electrons is converted to xrays at the target	<1%
the main purpose of added filtration is to reduce	pt dose
c=xray beam quality is improved by	increasing filtration

Created by: elliekhughes

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