Which best describes the anatomic position?

- Body is upright -Palms are facing forward -Thumbs point away from the body -Feet are flat on the floor

The number of neutrons in an atom can be determined by

subtracting the atomic number from the atomic mass.

polymers made up of amino acid monomers

The three parts making up a nucleotide are

a five-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

A protein consists of

amino acids linked by peptide bonds

The enzyme-substrate complex is

the chemical structure formed when the substrate binds to the active site.

The first stage of cellular respiration is

glycolysis, and it occurs in the cytosol

Help

Options

focusNode

Didn't know it?
click below

Knew it?
click below

Don't Know

Remaining cards (0)

Know

retry

shuffle

restart

0:00

Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

Normal Size Small Size show me how

ANATOMY FINAL

Question	Answer
EXAMS 1-4	EXAMS 1-4
An atom with a positive or negative charge is known as (an) ______________.	ion
A polymer is made up of several subunits called ____________.	monomers
When dehydration synthesis occurs between two amino acids, a covalent bond called a ________ bond forms between them.	peptide
In order for a reaction to occur, energy is needed to break the bonds that already exists in the reactant molecules; that energy is called the _________ energy.	activation
Adenine and ______ are examples of double-ring nitrogenous bases called purines.	Guanine
During cellular respiration, when glucose is fully disassembled to carbon dioxide and water, the other reactant (with glucose) in the chemical equation is _________.	oxygen
Positively charged ions are called cations.	true
The higher the concentration of H+ is, the lower the pH value is.	true
An emulsion is a combination of water and a nonpolar liquid that have been forcibly mixed.	true
Within DNA, adenine makes hydrogen bons with thymine, and guanine makes hydrogen bonds with cytosine.	true
A chemical reaction occurs when chemical bonds in an existing molecule are broken, and new ones are formed.	true
Enzymes are biological catalysts that are crucial for normal human metabolism.	true
Glycolysis requires oxygen.	false
Glycolysis results in the breakdown of a glucose molecule and the net production of four ATP molecules.	false
The scientific discipline that studies the functions of the body structure is	physiology
The various chemical reactions that organisms carry out are collectively called	metabolism
The smallest structural unit that exhibits the characteristics of living things is	a cell
Which best describes the anatomic position?	- Body is upright -Palms are facing forward -Thumbs point away from the body -Feet are flat on the floor
The directional term that means "away from the midline of the body" is	lateral
The directional term that means "closest to the point of attachment to the trunk" is	proximal
The best term for referring to the rear or "tail end" is	caudal
The anatomic term for the check is	buccal
Which anatomical term describes the wrist region?	carpal
The part of the homeostatic control mechanism that brings about change is the	effector
When you are exposed to bright light, a reflex is initiated and the muscles of your iris contract to decrease your pupil size. The iris muscles are acting as a(n)	effector
An element's atomic number is determined by the number of __________ in one atom of that element.	protons
The number of neutrons in an atom can be determined by	subtracting the atomic number from the atomic mass.
Proteins are	polymers made up of amino acid monomers
The simple sugar glucose is an example of a	monosaccharide
filler
The three parts making up a nucleotide are	a five-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
A protein consists of	amino acids linked by peptide bonds
In the formation of an ionic bond between Na and Cl to form common table salt, sodium (Na) _____ an electron and chlorine (Cl) _______ an electron.	loses, gains
Glycogen is a polymer of ____ molecules.	glucose
The presence of an enzyme within a chemical system	decreases activation energy
The region of an enzyme into which the substrate fits is a	highly specific active site
The enzyme-substrate complex is	the chemical structure formed when the substrate binds to the active site.
The first stage of cellular respiration is	glycolysis, and it occurs in the cytosol
During the cell cycle, DNA replication occurs during ________ which is part of interphase.	S phase
The function of nervous tissue is carried out by ________ that are supported by _______.	Neurons, Glial cells
Keratinocytes accumulate _________ produced by neighboring cells to shield their own DNA from UV rays.	keratin
The process of reading an mRNA molecule and synthesizing a protein is known as ________.	transcription
When a cell is dividing, the genetic material is in the compact form of ______.	chromosomes
The two identical cells that arise from mitosis are called ______ cells.	daughter
______ is the division of cytoplasm during cell division.	Cytokinesis
The stratum basale attaches to an underlying _____ membrane that separates the epidermis from the adjacent dermis.	basement
Over time diffusion results in the even distribution of a substance throughout an area.	true
Glial cells transmit impulses.	false
The process of keratinization begins in the stratum granulosum.	true
The subcutaneous layer, or hypodermis, is one of the two parts of the integument.	false
The _____ is responsible for forming the outer, limiting barrier of a cell.	plasma membrane
The most abundant lipid of the membrane consists of a head and two tails. This type of lipid is	a phospholipid
Movement of a substance from an area of higher concentration to one where it is less concentrated is known as	diffusion
During osmosis, water moves toward the solution with the ________ solute concentration.	lesser
Consider a cell with a total internal solute concentration of 0.9%. Placing the cell in which bath solution would result in creation of the greatest osmotic pressure in the cell.	0.5%
When a cell is placed in a solution with a very low solute concentration, water diffuses into the cell. Such a solution is called a(n) _______ solution.	hypotonic solution
The building blocks that form the DNA double helix are called	nucleotides
Which is not one of the bases found in DNA nucleotides?	Diamine
The phase of mitosis that begins with the arrival of a group pf single-stranded chromosomes at each pole of the cell is	telophase
Apoptosis is best described as	a process where cells destroy themselves
Which tissue type covers body surfaces and lines the inside of organs and body cavities?	epithelial
A ___ epithelium consists of a single layer of flattened cells attached directly to a basement membrane.	Simple squamous
Which type of epithelium is composed of multiple layers, including an apical layer containing tall, slender cells?	stratified columnar
If you gently rub your thumb and forefinger together, each finger is contracting	keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Which primary tissue types would be represented by blood, body fat, ligaments and tendons, dermis of the skin, and the cartilage of some joints?	connective tissue
In connective tissue, the extracellular matrix consists of	protein fibers and ground substance
The most common type of cartilage, named for its glassy appearance, is	hyaline cartilage
The type of muscle that has elongated, multinucleated cells and is under voluntary control is _______ muscle.	skeletal
The type of muscle that is found in blood vessel walls is _______ muscle.	smooth
Axons	transmit signals away from the cell body
When hyperplasia proceeds out of control, a tumor may develop. This condition is termed	neoplasia
The two types of cells that make up the nervous system are	neurons and glial cells
What feature of your ear accounts for its ability to regain its shape after it has been deformed or compressed?	the elastic fibers present in the ear's cartilage.
From deep to superficial, the order of the strata of the epidermis is	Basale - spinosum - granulosum - lucidum - corneum
Keratinocytes are	- the most abundant cell type in the epidermis - found throughout all epidermal strata - sometimes alive and sometimes dead, depending on where they are found -able to synthesize the protein keratin
Fine hair called _______, which is unpigmented or lightly pigmented, is the primary human hair and is found on the upper and lower limbs.	vellus
What is the greatest risk factor for skin cancer?	exposure to UV light rays
________ are the primary organ of the skeletal system.	Bones
Most bones are formed embryonically using a hyaline cartilage model during _________ ossification.	endochondral
Long bones have an elongated, cylindrical shaft called a ________________.	diaphysis
Each knobby end of long bones is called the ___________.	epiphysis
Decreasing the angle between articulating bones at a synovial joint is called ___________.	flexion
Syndesmoses and sutures are classified structurally as ________ joints.	fibrous joints
In a resting state, potassium ions are more abundant ________________ of a cell.	inside
The phase of an action potential when the membrane potential becomes positive due to the activation of voltage gated Na+ channels is called _________.	depolarization
All _______ joints are diarthroses.	synovial
Most of the bones of the upper and lower limbs are formed by intramembranous ossification.	false
Calcitriol stimulates absorption of calcium in the small intestine.	true
Where does hematopoiesis occur?	red bone marrow
The knobby region of a bone at the end that is farthest from the trunk is the	distal epiphysis
Which type of cell produces new bone tissue by secreting matrix?	osteoblasts
As the bone matrix calcifies, and the secreting cell becomes walled in.	osteoblast become osteocytes.
In compact bone, ___________ connect adjacent lacunae, thereby providing pathways for nutrients and other materials to pass between osteocytes.	canaliculi
Which is not correct about spongy bone?	it is composed of tubular units called osteons.
When bone forms by intermembranous ossification, the ossification centers are within	mesenchyme
Which is an accurate description of appositional bone growth?	osteoblasts build bone at the circumferential lamellae while osteoclast widen the medullary cavity.
Rickets, a disease characterized by overproduction and deficient calcification of osteoid tissue, is caused by a lack of sufficient	vitamin D
Parathyroid hormone and calcitriol	stimulate osteoclasts to resorb bone and release calcium into the blood.
The process of bone repair includes these steps: a: fracture hematoma forms b: bone is remodeled c: fibrocartilaginous callus forms d: bony callus forms in the correct order	a - c - d - b
Which is change in bone architecture or mass related to aging?	- Insufficient calcification - demineralization -reduction in the organic content of the matrix -loss of flexibility and increase in brittleness
The term "diarthrosis" refers to a joint that is	freely mobile
An articular capsule is present in	synovial joints
The interosseous membrane between the radius and the ulna us an example of a	syndesmosis
A movement that increases or decrease the angle between two bones is a(n) __________ motion.	angular
Movement of a body part toward the main axis of the body is called	adduction
When the arm is raised anteriorly, the movement at the shoulder is	flexion
Which are possible of skeletal muscles? a: maintenance of posture b: both highly coordinated and localized simple movements c: temperature regulation d: support body organs e: reg. of the movement of material through certain body tracts.	a, b, c, d, e
Which proteins make up the thick filaments.	myosin
Which of the following structures has the active sites to which the heads of the thick filaments will bond?	actin
A sarcomere is defined as the distance from one _________ to the next adjacent ______ to the next adjacent ________. (The same answer fills in both discs)	Z disc
The narrow space that separates the Moter neuron and the skeletal muscle fiber in a neuromuscular junction is called the	synaptic cleft
Which structures are reservoirs that store acetylcholine?	synaptic vesicles
Acetylcholine experts is effect by	binding to receptors at the motor end plate
The action potential of a muscle fiber occurs	along the sarcolemma and down the T-tubules
The repolarization of the action potential involves the opening of	voltage-gated K+ channels
Glycolysis is an	anaerobic process that occurs in the cytosol
With increased age, skeletal muscles show	a decrease in the number of myofibrils
The type of muscle fibers that have only a single nucleus, both thick and think filaments, but no Z discs, are	smooth
Events of excitation contraction coupling, such as the release of calcium from intracellular stores, occur during the _____ period of a muscle twitch.	latent
_______ gated channels are generally receptors and they open when the ligand is present, while ________-gated channels open in response to a change in charge.	chemically, voltage
A nerve cell that has dendrites, but no axons is categorized as a(n) __________ neuron.	anaxonic
Along an axon, the gaps between neurolemmocytes (myelin) are called neurofibril ___________.	nodes
Electrical signals are conducted towards the cell body of a neuron by its __________.	dendrites
Spinal nerves extend from the spinal cord, whereas _______ nerves extend from the brain.	cranial
The area underneath the middle meningeal layer where cerebrospinal fluid is located is the ______________.	Subarachnoid space
Bundles of axons in the CNS are termed ___________.	tracts
The spinal cord is part of the central nervous system.	true
The medulla oblongata contains a cardiac center and a medullary respiratory center.	true
The white matter of the spinal cord is surrounded by its gray matter.	false
Some motor pathways originate in the cerebrum.	true
In the brain, the outer cerebral cortex consists of gray matter, but in the spinal cord, gray matter is confined to the innermost regions.	true
The spinal cord exhibits some reflexes that do not involve the brain.	true
A reflex allows an individual to quickly respond to a potentially dangerous stimulus without having to wait for the brain to process the information.	true
Nerves and ganglia are structures found in the	peripheral nervous system
The afferent division of the nervous system is also known as the ________ division.	sensory
Which is not a function of the motor division of the nervous system?	Transmits impulses from the visera
A neuron conducting an impulse from the stomach wall to the CNA would be classified as a(n) _________ neuron.	visceral sensory
Where are synaptic knobs located?	At the distal ends of an axons
Based on the structure, the most common type of neuron is the ________ neuron.	multipolar
Which functional class of neurons lies entirely within the central nervous system?	interneurons
When transmission occurs at a synapse neurotransmitter is released by	the presynaptic neuron's synaptic knob into the synaptic cleft
The type of transport protein that moves a substance down its concentration gradient is a	channel
Typically, the resting membrane potential of a neuron is	-70 mV
A depolarization is when the inside of a neuron becomes __________ the resting membrane potential.	less negative than
When a neurotransmitter causes the opening of chemically gated potassium channels on the postsynaptic cell, the postsynaptic cell, the postsynaptic potential that results in an	IPSP, which is a hyperpolarization
The shallow depressions between folds on the surface of the brain are called	sulci
What is he correct order for the cranial meninges, from superficial to deep? a: dura mater b: pia mater c: arachnoid mater	a, c, b
Which part of the brain contains the epithalamus, hypothalamus, and the thalamus?	diencephalon
Which structure serves as the main relay point for sensory information that is headed to a primarily sensory region of the cerebral cortex?	thalamus
What is the correct order for the parts of the spinal cord, from superior to inferior?	Cervical - thoracic - lumbar - sacral - coccygeal
A typical spinal cord in an adult is	16-18 inches long
The most inferior spinal nerve is	Co1
The most delicate of the meninges consists of elastic and collagen fibers and is known as the	pia mater
Nuclei within the gray matter of the spinal cord that receive information from the sensory receptors such as pain or pressure receptors in the skin are ________ nuclei.	somatic sensory
The neurons that directly innervate skeletal muscles are called	lower motor neurons
Which of the rami is much smaller than the other?	The posterior ramus
A network of interwoven anterior rami of spinal nerves is a	plexus
The plexuses that lie on either side of the neck are the ________ plexuses.	cervical
The plexus that supplies the upper limbs is the __________ plexus.	brachial
The largest and longest nerve in the body is the __________ nerve.	sciatic
The simple knee-jerk reflex is an example of a(n) ____________ reflex.	monosynaptic
Which of these spinal nerve counts is incorrect?	thoracic nerves= 8 pairs
Sensory input traveling through the posterior root will reach the ______________ upon entering the spinal cord.	posterior horn
The femoral nerve arises from which nerve plexus?	lumbar
What 4 cranial nerves are associated with some aspect of eye movement or vision?	optic, oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens
How many cranial nerves allow the tongue to taste?	2
The radial nerve originates from which plexus?	brachial
where are intercostal nerves found?	ribs

Created by: user-1856136

"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries: