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I. TRUE OR FALSE
1. Individuals with dorsolateral prefrontal syndrome presents with marked personality changes.
1. Individuals with dorsolateral prefrontal syndrome presents with marked personality changes.
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2. Parkinson’s disease is caused by increased dopamine release within the corpus striatum.
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QUIZZES
BASAL GANGLIA_3rd Shift
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| I. TRUE OR FALSE 1. Individuals with dorsolateral prefrontal syndrome presents with marked personality changes. | F |
| 2. Parkinson’s disease is caused by increased dopamine release within the corpus striatum. | F - decrease in dopamine |
| 3. Projection neurons in the globus pallidus and nigra pars reticulata use GABA as the inhibitory neurotransmitter. | T |
| 4. The anterior horn cells of the spinal cord are influenced directly by the efferent fibers from the basal ganglia. | F - indirectly |
| 5. The basal ganglia are a group of interconnected nuclei involved in motor and nonmotor functions. | T |
| 6. The basal nuclei are formed of subcortical white matter structures. | F - primarily composed of gray matter |
| 7. The caudate nucleus and putamen are of telencephalic origin. | T |
| 8. The internal capsule divides the corpus striatum into caudate and lentiform nuclei. | T |
| 9. The lentiform nucleus consists of two nuclei, the putamen and globus pallidus. | T |
| 10. The major output from the internal segment of the globus pallidus and the substantia nigra pars reticulata is to the hypothalamus. | F - to the thalamus |
| 11. The nigrostriatal fibers use acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter. | F - dopamine |
| 12. The principal mesencephalon striate projection originates from dopamine-containing cells of the substantia nigra pars compacta. | T |
| 13. The smallest input to the striatum is from the sensorimotor cortex. | F - to the putamen |
| 14. The striatum projects to the substantia nigra pars reticulata and both segments of the globus pallidus. | T |
| 15. The substantia nigra and the red nucleus form the ventral striatum. | F - nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle |
| II. MULTIPLE CHOICE 16. Which component of the basal ganglia is in the diencephalon? a. Subthalamic nucleus of Luys b. Substantia nigra pars reticulata c. Globus pallidus interna d. Hypothalamus | a. Subthalamic nucleus of Luys |
| 17. Which component of the indirect pathway uses glutamate as its neurotransmitter? a. Substantia nigra pars reticulata b. Subthalamic nucleus c. Globus pallidus externa d. Putamen | b. Subthalamic nucleus |
| 18. Collectively known as the paleostriatum. a. Caudate and putamen b. Globus pallidus interna and globus pallidus externa c. Putamen and globus pallidus d. Substantia nigra pars reticulata and globus pallidus interna | b. Globus pallidus interna and globus pallidus externa |
| 19. What are the output nuclei of the basal ganglia? a. Neostriatum b. Pallidum c. Both d. Neither | d. Neither |
| 20. What is the neurotransmitter utilized by projections neurons of globus pallidus externa? a. Acetylcholine b. Dopamine c. Glutamate d. GABA | d. GABA |
| 21. Which of the following neural structures send afferent fibers toward the putamen? a. Cerebellum b. Motor cortices c. Spinal cord d. Substantia nigra pars reticulata | d. Substantia nigra pars reticulata |
| 22. What is the neurotransmitter utilized by giant aspiny neurons of the striatum? a. Acetylcholine b. Dopamine c. Glutamate d. GABA | a. Acetylcholine |
| 23. What are the major input nuclei of the basal ganglia? a. Caudate & putamen b. Globus pallidus interna &substantia nigra pars compacta c. Globus pallidus externa & substantia nigra pars compacta d. GPI & substantia nigra pars reticulata | a. Caudate and putamen |
| 24. What is the neurotransmitter of the nigrostriatal tract? a. Glutamate b. GABA c. Dopamine d. Acetylcholine | c. Dopamine |
| 25. The neurotransmitter utilized by the medium spiny neurons of the caudate nucleus? a. GABA b. Glycine c. Dopamine d. Acetylcholine | a. GABA |
| 26. Which white matter tract separates the putamen and globus pallidus? a. External capsule b. Anterior limb of the internal capsule c. External pallidal lamina d. Posterior limb of the internal capsule | c. External pallidal lamin |
| 27. Which is an inhibitory projection of the subthalamic nucleus? a. Pallidosubthalamic tract b. Corticosubthalamic tract c. Nigrosubthalamic tract d. Striosubthalamic tract | a. Pallidosubthalamic tract |
| 28. Which of the following neurotransmitter inhibits the striatal neurons of the indirect pathway? a. Acetylcholine b. Dopamine c. Norepinephrine d. Serotonin | b. Dopamine |
| 29. Which thalamic nucleus links the basal ganglia and the motor cortex? a. Ventral anterior b. Ventral posterolateral c. Ventral posteromedial d. Parafascicular | a. Ventral anterior |
| 30. A stroke involving the subthalamic nucleus may manifest as what movement disorder? a. Essential tremor b. Huntington’s disease c. Hemiballismus d. Parkinson’s disease | c. Hemiballismus |
| I. TRUE OR FALSE 1. All parts of the cerebral cortex send axons to the caudate nucleus and the putamen. | T |
| 2. Dopamine is the neurotransmitter of the corticostriate fibers. | F - glutamate |
| 3. Each part of the cerebral cortex is randomly projected to different parts of the stratum. | F - not random |
| 4. Huntington's disease is caused by increased dopamine release within the striatum. | F - degeneration of GABAergic |
| 5. Hypokinetic disorders involve excessive and abnormal movements, such as seen with chorea, athetosis, and ballism. | F - hyperkinetic |
| 6. In hemiballismus, the lesion occurs in the opposite subthalamic nucleus. | T |
| 7. Individuals with dorsolateral prefrontal syndrome may present with executive dysfunction. | T |
| 8. Projection neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta use dopamine as their neurotransmitter. | T |
| 9. The basal ganglia control muscular movements by influencing the cerebral cortex. | T |
| 10. The basal ganglia is influenced directly by the efferent fibers from the spinal cord. | F - not directly |
| 11. The caudate nucleus and the putamen are referred to as the neostriatum. | T |
| 12. The putamen is a large C-shaped gray matter mass closely related to the lateral ventricle. | F - Caudate Nucleus |
| 13. The striatopallidal fibers have Y-aminobutyric acid as their neurotransmitter. | T |
| 14. The substantia nigra and the subthalamic nuclei are functionally related to the activities of the basal ganglia. | T |
| 15. The term basal nuclei is applied to a collection of masses of gray matter situated within each cerebral hemisphere. | T |
| II. MULTIPLE CHOICE 16. Functionally, which is not part of the basal ganglia? a. Substantia nigra pars reticulata b. Claustrum c. Subthalamic nucleus d. Corpus striatum | b. Claustrum |
| 17. Which component of the basal ganglia is located in the mesencephalon? a. Subthalamic nucleus b. Substantia nigra pars reticulata c. Globus pallidus intera d. Caudate | b. Substantia nigra pars reticulata |
| 18. Which component of the basal ganglia arises from the diencephalon alar plate? a. Subthalamic nucleus b. Substantia nigra pars reticulata c. Putamen d. Caudate | a. Subthalamic nucleus |
| 19. Collectively known as the lenticular nucleus. a. Globus pallidus interna and globus pallidus externa b. Caudate and putamen c. Putamen and globus pallidus d. Substantia nigra pars reticulata and globus pallidus interna | c. Putamen and globus pallidus |
| 20. What are the input nuclei of the basal ganglia? a. Neostriatum b. Paleostriatum c. Both d. Neither | a. Neostriatum |
| 21. The neurotransmitter utilized by the neurons of globus pallidus interna a. Acetylcholine b. Dopamine c. Glutamate d. GABA | d. GABA |
| 22. The following neural structures send afferent information towards the basal ganglia EXCEPT: a. Cerebellum b. Premotor cortex c. Thalamus d. Substantia nigra pars compacta | a. Cerebellum |
| 23. What is the primary neurotransmitter utilized by the projection neurons of the striatum? a. Acetylcholine b. Dopamine c. Glutamate d. GABA | d. GABA |
| 24. What are the major output nuclei of the basal ganglia? a. Caudate and putamen b. Globus pallidus interna and substantia nigra pars compacta c. Globus pallidus externa and substantia nigra pars compacta d. GPI & substantia nigra pars reticulata | d. Globus pallidus interna and substantia nigra pars reticulata |
| 25. The neurotransmitter of the subthalamonigral tract? a. Glutamate b. GABA c. Dopamine d. Acetylcholine | a. Glutamate |
| 26. Which basal ganglia component comprises medium-sized aspiny dopaminergic neurons whose axons project to the striatum? a Globus pallidus externa b. Globus pallidus interna c. Substantia nigra pars compacta d. Substantia nigra pars reticulata | c. Substantia nigra pars compacta |
| 27. What is the neurotransmitter utilized by the medium spiny neurons of the caudate? a. GABA b. Glycine c. Dopamine d. Acetylcholine | a. GABA |
| 28. What neurotransmitter is utilized by the giant aspiny interneurons of the putamen? a. GABA b. Acetylcholine c. Dopamine d. Glutamate | b. Acetylcholine |
| 29. Which intralaminar nucleus of the thalamus sends a large number of axons to the striatum? a. Ventral lateral nucleus b. Ventral anterior nucleus c. Both d. Neither | d. Neither |
| 30. What is the white matter tract that separates the putamen and caudate? a. Exteral capsule b. Extreme capsule c. External pallidal lamina d. Anterior limb of the internal capsule | d. Anterior limb of the internal capsule |
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avemaria