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organic

chem definitions

TermDefinition
hydrocarbon a compound containing only carbon and hydrogen
functional group atom/ group of atoms which are responsible for the characteristic properties of an organic compound/series of compounds
saturated compound only single bonds between atoms in a molecule
unsaturated compound contains one or more c-c double bonds between atoms in a molecule
homologous series similar chemical properties, showing graduations in physical properties, having a general formula for it's members and similar methods of preparation, each member differs from previous member by CH2 unit
isomers compounds with same molecular formula but different structural formulas
aliphatic hydrocarbons is an organic compound that consists of open chains of carbon atoms and closed chain compounds
aromatic hydrocarbons compounds that contain a benzene ring structure in their molecules
elimination reaction is one in which a small molecule is removed from a larger molecule to leave an unsaturated ( double bond) in a larger molecule
octane number measurement of tendency of fuel to resist knocking
catalytic cracking breaking down of long chain hydrocarbons by heat & catalysts into smaller chain molecules for which have greater demand
heat of combustion the heat change produced when 1 mole of a substance is burned in excess oxygen
heat of reaction the heat change involved when the number of moles in a balanced equation react completely
heat of formation heat change when 1 mole of a substance is formed from its elements in their natural state
heat of neutralisation heat change when 1 mole of H+ from an acid react with 1 mole of OH- from a base
bond energy average energy required to break 1 mole of a particular covalent bond & to separate the neutral atoms completely from each other
Hess' law states that if a chemical reactions takes place in separate stages, the sum of the heat changes in separate stages is equal to the heat change if the reaction was carried out in one stage
substitution reaction is a chemical reaction in which an atom/group of atoms in a molecule is replaced by another atom/group of atoms
addition reaction is one in which two or more molecules react together to form a single molecule
Created by: MuireannD
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