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Anatomy
Final Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| An organization of many similar cells that are specialized to perform a certain function is called a(n): tissue. organism. system. organ. | tissue. |
| The gallbladder lies in the: abdominal cavity. pelvic cavity. dorsal cavity. mediastinum. | abdominal cavity. |
| The smallest living units of structure and function in the body are: molecules. cells. organelles. atoms. | cells. |
| In anatomical position the wrist is ___________ as compared to the elbow inferior proximal superior pronated | inferior |
| The brain is ______ as compared to the skull deep lateral superficial supinated | deep |
| The number of abdominal regions is: three. five. seven. nine. | nine. |
| Several kinds of tissues working together are termed a(n): plasma membrane. organ. organism. organ system. | organ |
| A surgeon removing a gallbladder should know to find it in the _____ region. right lumbar right hypochondriac hypogastric umbilical | right hypochondriac |
| A sagittal section divides the body into _____ portions. Group of answer choices upper and lower right and left front and back proximal and distal | right and left |
| Popliteal refers to the: Group of answer choices calf. ankle. cheek. area behind the knee. | area behind the knee. |
| A magnesium atom has an atomic number of 12, an atomic mass of 25, and a +2 charge. This atom would contain _____ protons, _____ neutrons, and _____ electrons. Group of answer choices 12; 25; 2 12; 13; 14 12; 13; 10 Not enough information is | 12; 13; 10 |
| Carbon has an atomic number of 6. The number of electrons found in the first shell is: Group of answer choices two. four. six. eight. | four |
| As the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) increases, the: Group of answer choices solution becomes more basic. solution becomes more acidic. pH rises. Both A and C are correct. | solution becomes more acidic. |
| Acids: are proton donors. taste sour. release hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution. All of the above are true of acids. | All of the above are true of acids. |
| The study of metabolism includes examination of: Group of answer choices catabolism. anabolism. ATP requirements. all of the above. | all of the above. |
| When atoms combine, they may gain, lose, or share: Group of answer choices electrons. protons. neutrons. nuclei. | electrons. |
| The kind of element is determined by the number of: Group of answer choices protons. neutrons. mesotrons. electrons. | protons. |
| AB + CD → AD + CB is an example of a(n) _____ reaction. Group of answer choices synthesis exchange decomposition reversible | exchange |
| The hydrogen isotope tritium consists of: Group of answer choices one proton. one proton and one neutron. two protons and one neutron. one proton and two neutrons. | one proton and two neutrons. |
| The atomic number of carbon is 6. How many unpaired electrons are in its outer shell? Group of answer choices Two Three Four Five | four |
| In the cell membrane, the hydrophilic part of the phospholipid molecule: faces the exterior of the cell. faces the interior of the cell. is in the center of the phospholipid bilayer. both A and B. | both A and B. |
| How do vesicles move from place to place in an organized way within the cell? Group of answer choices Molecular motors pull them along the microtubules and microfilaments of the cytoskeleton Vaults pull them along the microtubules and microfilament | Molecular motors pull them along the microtubules and microfilaments of the cytoskeleton |
| Lysosomes perform autophagy. This means that they: Group of answer choices break down proteins and cytoplasm that are not needed by “self eating.” are the protein-destroying organelle in the cell. synthesize ATP. provide an internal supportin | break down proteins and cytoplasm that are not needed by “self eating.” |
| Which organelle processes and packages material to be secreted? Group of answer choices Nucleolus Ribosome Mitochondrion Golgi apparatus | Golgi apparatus |
| Which cell fiber serves as part of our “cellular muscles?” Group of answer choices Centrosome Microfilament Microtubule Intermediate filament | Microfilament |
| Which are the organelles that allow for the recycling of amino acids in the cell? Group of answer choices Peroxisomes Mitochondria Ribosomes Proteasomes | Proteasomes |
| Which of the following is not true about ribosomes? Group of answer choices Contain protein Composed of a large unit and a small unit Surrounded by a membrane structure Contain RNA | Surrounded by a membrane structure |
| ATP production occurs within which organelle? Group of answer choices Rough endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Flagellum Mitochondrion | Mitochondrion |
| Projections from the cell that move materials and mucus are called: Group of answer choices cilia. flagella. microvilli. microtubules. | cilia. |
| The largest human cell, measuring about 150 μm, is a: white blood cell. female sex cell or ovum. liver cell. male sex cell or sperm. | female sex cell or ovum. |
| The External Ear is composed of adipose tissue. epithelium. hyaline cartilage. elastic cartilage. | elastic cartilage. |
| Which of the following tissues lack a direct blood supply and consequently heals very slowly? Group of answer choices bone muscle adipose cartilage | cartilage |
| The basic determinant of skin color is Group of answer choices keratin. mucus. melanin. tyrosine. | melanin. |
| Which of the following is not a principal type of tissue? cardiac epithelial nervous connective muscle | cardiac |
| The fluid environment that fills the spaces between the cells of the body is called Group of answer choices extracellular matrix. intracellular matrix. intercellular matrix. tissue matrix. | extracellular matrix. |
| Each hair follicle has a small bundle of involuntary muscles attached to it called the Group of answer choices smooth muscle layer. microvilli. arrector pili muscle. dermal papillae. | arrector pili muscle. |
| Mesoderm interacts with endoderm and ectoderm to give rise to the heart. skeletal muscles. mesenchyme. all of the above None of the above | all of the above |
| The _____ junction “glues” the epidermis and dermis together and provides mechanical support for the epidermis. gap dermoepidermal desmosome integument | dermoepidermal |
| The two major categories of body membranes are Group of answer choices epithelial and connective. epithelial and glandular. connective and glandular. serous and cutaneous. | epithelial and connective. |
| Which of the following contains osteocytes? striated muscle smooth muscle bone blood | bone |
| The bone that claims the distinction of being the only bone in the body that articulates with no other bones is the coccyx. sacral. hyoid. sternum. | hyoid. |
| Which of the following is not a type of bone? flat irregular short long regular | regular |
| The two bones that form the framework for the forearm are the radius and humerus. radius and ulna. ulna and humerus. pisiform and lunate. | radius and ulna. |
| Which bone is the longest and heaviest bone in the body? tibia fibula femur humerus | femur |
| Which two bones compose the shoulder girdle? humerus and ulna ulna and clavicle clavicle and scapula humerus and scapula | clavicle and scapula |
| Bone marrow is a specialized type of soft, diffuse connective tissue called myeloid tissue. hyaline cartilage. elastic cartilage. fibrocartilage. | myeloid tissue. |
| Spongy bone is characterized by open spaces partially filled by an assemblage of needle-like structures. a dense and solid appearance. a soft and flexible gel-like appearance. a dense and compact substance. | open spaces partially filled by an assemblage of needle-like structures. |
| Cartilage is classified as _____ tissue. epithelial muscle nerve connective | connective |
| Compact bone contains many cylinder-shaped structural units called lamellae. lacunae. canaliculi. osteons. | osteons. |
| Anatomically speaking, which bones compose the wrist? carpals tarsals metacarpals metatarsals | carpals |
| The action of the brachialis muscle is to _____ the forearm. flex extend pronate supinate | flex |
| The muscle that flexes the semipronated or semisupinated forearm is the: biceps brachii. brachialis. brachioradialis. triceps brachii. | brachioradialis. |
| The origin of a muscle is on the femur, and the insertion is on the tibia. When it contracts, it bends the knee. Which of the following is true? The knee is acting as a fulcrum. The movement is an example of a first-class lever. The movement is an | The knee is acting as a fulcrum. |
| The muscle that allows the thumb to be drawn across the palm to touch the tip of any finger is the: extensor digitorum. opponens pollicis. palmaris longus. flexor carpi radialis. | opponens pollicis. |
| The posterior arm muscle that extends the forearm is the: biceps brachii. triceps brachii. supinator. brachialis. | triceps brachii. |
| The origin of a muscle is on the femur, and the insertion is on the tibia. When it contracts, it bends the knee. Its fibers run parallel to the body. Which of the following terms might be part of its name? Extensor Abductor Flexor Adductor | Flexor |
| Another name for a sphincter muscle is a _____ muscle. spiral circular fusiform convergent | circular |
| In pushing (pressing) a weight from shoulder height to above the head, which of the following muscles is least utilized? Triceps brachii Biceps brachii Deltoid | Biceps brachii |
| The muscle that raises or lowers the shoulders or shrugs them is the: deltoid. latissimus dorsi. trapezius. pectoralis minor. | trapezius. |
| All of the following muscles are part of the rotator cuff muscles except the: deltoid. infraspinatus. supraspinatus. teres minor. | deltoid. |
| Astrocytes attach to: neurons. oligodendrocytes. blood vessels. both A and C. | both A and C. |
| One of the components of the blood-brain barrier is: astrocytes. neurons. myelin. oligodendrocytes. | astrocytes. |
| Small distinct regions of gray matter in the CNS are called: nuclei. tracts. ganglia. axons. | nuclei. |
| Interneurons reside in the: CNS and peripheral nervous system (PNS). CNS only. PNS only. None of the above is correct. | CNS only. |
| The nervous system is organized to do which of the following? Detect changes in the external environment. Detect changes in the internal environment. Evaluate changes in the environment. All of the above are true. | All of the above are true. |
| Which is true of a reflex arc? It does not involve the brain. It always consists of an afferent neuron and an efferent neuron. It always consists of an afferent neuron, an efferent neuron, and an interneuron. It always consists of an afferent | It always consists of an afferent neuron and an efferent neuron. |
| Along a neuron, the correct pathway for impulse conduction is: dendrite, axon, cell body, and receptor. dendrite, cell body, and axon. axon, cell body, and dendrite. receptor, axon, and cell body. | dendrite, cell body, and axon. |
| Multipolar neurons have: multiple axons and multiple dendrites. multiple axons and one dendrite. multiple dendrites and one axon. one dendrite and one axon. | multiple dendrites and one axon. |
| In the human nervous system: most of the cells are neurons. most of the cells are glia cells. there are almost equal numbers of glia cells and neurons. the ratio of cells is unknown because of the complexity of the nervous system. | there are almost equal numbers of glia cells and neurons. |
| Most unipolar neurons are usually: motor neurons. neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system. sensory neurons. neurons of the sympathetic nervous system. | sensory neurons. |
| Axon terminals that secrete acetylcholine are called cholinergic terminals. True False | True |
| Sensory neurons can operate in autonomic reflex arcs. True False | True |
| Visceral effectors are innervated by sympathetic fibers. True False | True |
| The layer of the meninges that serves as the inner periosteum of the cranial bone is the: pia mater. arachnoid membrane. dura mater. None of the above is correct. | dura mater. |
| The phrenic nerve is found in the _____ plexus. cervical brachial lumbar sacral | cervical |
| Spinal nerves are _____ fibers. only sensory only motor completely autonomic motor and sensory | motor and sensory |
| All cell bodies of the autonomic nervous system are located within the CNS. True False | False |
| Which of the following is not true? The spinal cord does not completely fill the spinal cavity. The spinal cord extends from the foramen magnum to the first lumbar vertebra. One bundle of nerve fibers (nerve roots) projects from each side of the | One bundle of nerve fibers (nerve roots) projects from each side of the spinal cord. |
| The spinal ganglion can be found on the _____ of the spinal nerve. dorsal nerve root dorsal ramus ventral nerve root ventral ramus | dorsal nerve root |
| The nerve commonly called the vagus nerve is the _____ cranial. ninth tenth eleventh twelfth | tenth |
| Endocrine gland of the thorax that is also important in immune function. pineal gland neurohypophysis thymus gland parathyroid gland adneohypophysis | thymus gland |
| Which of the following minerals is essential for the formation of thyroid hormone? calcium iron copper iodine | iodine |
| Which of the following endocrine glands develops primarily from the endoderm of the pharynx? pineal anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary adrenal medulla thyroid and parathyroids | thyroid and parathyroids |
| The basilar membrane supports the Group of answer choices spiral lamina. spiral ganglion. spiral organ. modiolus. bony labyrinth. | spiral organ. |
| Fluid filling the posterior segment of the eye. Group of answer choices serous fluid endolymph synovial fluid aqueous humor vitreous humor | vitreous humor |
| The nerve carrying taste information from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue is the Group of answer choices olfactory. hypoglossal. facial. glossopharyngeal. | facial. |
| Gel-like structure embedded with the tips of cochlear hair cells. Group of answer choices basilar membrane tectorial membrane scala vestibule scala tympani tympanic membrane | tectorial membrane |
| Which of the following statements does not correctly describe the spiral organ of Corti? Group of answer choices The "hairs" of the receptor cells are embedded in the tectorial membrane. The tectorial membrane bends with vibrations, whereas the bas | The tectorial membrane bends with vibrations, whereas the basilar membrane is rigid and fixed. |
| The anatomical stalk of the pituitary is also known as Group of answer choices pars tuberalis. infundibulum. tuber cinerum. adenohypophysis. neurohypophysis. | infundibulum. |
| Pyramid-shaped gland consisting of neural crest-derived cells and endocrine secretory cells. Group of answer choices thyroid gland gonadal cells of the ovaries/testes thymus gland pancreas adrenal gland | adrenal gland |
| Mechanical devices that permit the flow of blood in one direction only are called ventricles. atria. valves. vessels. | valves. |
| _____ is used to determine the volume percentage of red blood cells in whole blood. Group of answer choices Spectrin Hematocrit Hematopoiesis Hemocytometer | Hematocrit |
| The internal iliac artery supplies blood to the Group of answer choices pelvis. leg and foot. head and upper extremities. fingers. | pelvis. |
| The structure referred to as the pacemaker of the heart is(are) the: Group of answer choices SA node. AV node. Purkinje fibers. AV bundle. | SA node. |
| Blood flow from the heart through blood vessels to all parts of the body and back to the heart is referred to as _____ circulation. Group of answer choices pulmonary systemic full cardiac | systemic |
| The normal ECG is composed of all of the following except a Group of answer choices P wave. QRS complex. T wave. E wave. | E wave. |
| Renal veins drain blood from the Group of answer choices eyes. hands. pelvic region. kidneys. | kidneys. |
| The term blood type refers to the type of blood cell Group of answer choices antibody. antigen. transfusion reaction | antigen. |
| Which layer of the larger blood vessels is made up of endothelium? Group of answer choices tunica adventitia tunica media tunica intima tunica albuginea | tunica intima |
| The heart valves that are located where the trunk of the pulmonary artery joins the right ventricle and where the aorta joins the left ventricle are called semilunar valves. atrioventricular valves. venous valves. cuspid valves. | semilunar valves. |
| The lymphatic system, like the circulatory system, is a closed circuit. Group of answer choices True False | False |
| Because T cells attack pathogens more directly, T-cell immune mechanisms are classified as _____ immunity. Group of answer choices antibody-mediated cell-mediated nonspecific None of the above are correct. | cell-mediated |
| Masses of lymphoid tissue located in a protective ring under the mucous membranes in the mouth and the back of the throat are called Group of answer choices lymphatic capillaries. lymph nodes. tonsils. anastomoses. | tonsils. |
| Adaptive immunity, part of the body’s third line of defense, is orchestrated by two different classes of a type of white blood cell called the Group of answer choices leukocyte. macrophage. lymphocyte. phagocyte. | lymphocyte |
| The breast—the mammary gland and surrounding tissue—is drained by the: lymphatics that originate in and drain the skin over the breast with the exception of the areola and nipple. lymphatics that originate in and drain the substance of the breast itse | Both A and B are correct. |
| Lymph ducts empty into the circulatory system, draining into the: Group of answer choices jugular vein. subclavian veins. superior vena cava. inferior vena cava. | subclavian veins. |
| The lymph nodes located in the groin are called the: Group of answer choices inguinal lymph nodes. axillary lymph nodes. submaxillary group. submental group. | inguinal lymph nodes. |
| Lacteals: Group of answer choices drain into the right lymphatic duct. are the lymphatics in the villi of the small intestines. are able to absorb fat from the digestive system. Both B and C are correct. | Both B and C are correct. |
| An infection in the thumb may result in enlargement of the _____ nodes. Group of answer choices submental inguinal superficial cervical superficial cubital | superficial cubital |
| The type of immune mechanism that provides a general defense by acting against anything recognized as “not self” is called: Group of answer choices nonspecific immunity. specific immunity. autoimmune. none of the above. | nonspecific immunity. |
| In the right lung, the superior and middle lobes are separated by the: Group of answer choices horizontal fissure. oblique fissure. bronchopulmonary segments. hilum. | horizontal fissure. |
| The structure in the neck known as the “Adam’s apple” is the: Group of answer choices epiglottis. cricoid cartilage. glottis. thyroid cartilage. | thyroid cartilage. |
| The fauces, one of the seven openings found in the pharynx, opens into the: Group of answer choices oropharynx. nasopharynx. esophagus. Both A and B are correct. | oropharynx. |
| Which of the following is not lined with a ciliated mucous membrane? Group of answer choices Vestibule Posterior nares Trachea Primary bronchi | Vestibule |
| Which of these structures is not found in the left lung? Oblique fissure Secondary bronchi entering the superior lobe Secondary bronchi entering the inferior lobe Horizontal fissure | Horizontal fissure |
| The eustachian tube connects the middle ear with the: Group of answer choices trachea. nose. nasopharynx. oropharynx. | nasopharynx. |
| The lower border of the cavity of the larynx is formed by the: Group of answer choices epiglottis. cricoid cartilage. glottis. thyroid cartilage. | cricoid cartilage. |
| The largest of the paranasal sinuses is the: Group of answer choices maxillary. frontal. ethmoid. sphenoid. | maxillary. |
| Olfactory epithelium is found: Group of answer choices lining the nasopharynx. covering the superior turbinate. lining the paranasal sinuses. in all of the above. | covering the superior turbinate. |
| The more common name for the pharynx is the: Group of answer choices throat. windpipe. voice box. nasal cavity. | throat. |
| The extrinsic tongue muscles differ from the intrinsic tongue muscles in that the _____ outside the tongue. extrinsic muscles have both their insertion and origin intrinsic muscles have their origin inside the tongue but their insertion extrinsic m | extrinsic muscles insert into the tongue but have their origin |
| Which of the following structures is anatomically the longest? Group of answer choices Esophagus Duodenum Jejunum Ileum | Ileum |
| Which of the following organs has a mucosal layer that is composed of columnar epithelium with a brush border of microvilli to enhance absorption? Group of answer choices Esophagus Large intestine Small intestine Stomach | Small intestine |
| The most essential part of bile is: Group of answer choices bile salts. bile pigments. cholesterol. bilirubin. | bile salts. |
| Microvilli can be found in the: Group of answer choices stomach. small intestine. large intestine. Both B and C are correct. | Both B and C are correct. |
| The numerous small elevations on the surface of the tongue that support taste buds are called: Group of answer choices cilia. rugae. villi. papillae. | papillae. |
| The fan-shaped projection of peritoneum that connects the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall is the: Group of answer choices visceral peritoneum. greater omentum. lesser omentum. mesentery. | mesentery. |
| Which of the following organs has a mucosa layer composed of stratified squamous epithelium that resists abrasion? Group of answer choices Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine | Esophagus |
| Which of the following is not a lobe of the liver? Group of answer choices Right lobe Medial lobe Left lobe Caudate lobe Quadrate lobe | Medial lobe |
| Approximately how much saliva do the three pairs of compound tubuloalveolar glands (parotids, submandibulars, and sublinguals) secrete each day? Group of answer choices 200 ml 500 ml 750 ml 1 liter | 1 liter |
| Which hormone tends to decrease the amount of urine produced? Group of answer choices ANH Aldosterone ADH Both B and C | Both B and C ADH and aldosterone |
| Which of the following is(are) classified as an accessory organ of the urinary system? Group of answer choices Ureters Urinary bladder Urethra All of the above | All of the above |
| A portion of the nephron that can lie within the medulla is the: Group of answer choices proximal tubule. glomerular capsule. distal tubule. nephron loop. | nephron loop. |
| The substance most often measured to determine normal kidney function is: Group of answer choices creatinine. glucose. sodium. potassium. | creatinine. |
| The function of the urinary bladder is to: serve as a reservoir for urine before it leaves the body. expel urine from the body, aided by the urethra. help concentrate the urine in periods of dehydration. do both A and B. | do both A and B. |
| The shape of the kidney could best be described as _____-shaped. Group of answer choices bean pear pea potato | bean |
| Which of the following is not a normal function of the kidneys? Group of answer choices Synthesize prostaglandins Regulate blood sugar Produce hormones Regulate blood electrolytes | Regulate blood sugar |
| Which of the following is the approximate threshold level for the reabsorption of glucose? Group of answer choices 100 mg/100 ml 300 mg/100 ml 200 mg/100 ml 250 mg/100 ml | 300 mg/100 ml |
| The calyces of the kidney join together to form a large collection reservoir called the: Group of answer choices renal columns. renal pyramids. renal pelvis. hilum. | renal pelvis. |
| Which of the following is not a part of the glomerular-capsular membrane? Group of answer choices Parietal layer of the glomerular capsule Visceral layer of the glomerular capsule Glomerular endothelium Basement membrane | Parietal layer of the glomerular capsule |
| The term used to describe the collection of mechanisms that influence the circulation of blood is: Group of answer choices hematopoiesis. hemodynamics. hemostasis. hematocrit. | hemodynamics. |
| Which of the following is not an effect of testosterone? Group of answer choices Promotes excretion of potassium by kidneys Promotes anabolism of proteins Promotes growth of skeletal muscles Promotes lengthening of long bones | Promotes lengthening of long bones |
| Which of the following is not true of the vagina? It can act as a receptacle for seminal fluid from the male. It serves as the lower part of the birth canal. It is a passageway for urine. It acts as an excretory duct for uterine secretions. | It is a passageway for urine. |
| Which of the following hormones causes ejection of milk into the mammary ducts, making it accessible for the infant? Group of answer choices Progesterone Oxytocin Prolactin Estrogen | Oxytocin |
| The final stage in the process of ovarian follicle development is the: Group of answer choices corpus hemorrhagicum. corpus luteum. corpus albicans. mature follicle. | corpus albicans. |
| The greater vestibular glands are also called _____ glands. Group of answer choices Bartholin Cowper Skene Huntington | Bartholin |
| The urethral orifice is _____ to the vagina opening. Group of answer choices posterior anterior medial lateral | anterior |
| In the male reproductive system, the essential organs of reproduction are called: Group of answer choices seminal vesicles. testes. vasa deferentia. Cowper glands. | testes. |
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adricela55