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Stats/Prob Vocab
Statistics and Probability Challenge Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Residuals | residuals are the differences between observed values and the corresponding predicted values in a regression model. They represent the amount of error or deviation that is not explained by the model. |
| Causation | the relationship between two variables where one variable (the cause) directly influences or brings about a change in another variable (the effect). |
| Permutations | the different possible arrangements or orderings of a set of objects or elements. The concept of permutations is crucial when order matters, and it helps in counting how many distinct ways a set of items can be arranged or ordered. |
| Correlation Coefficients | a numerical measure that describes the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables. It quantifies the degree to which two variables are related. |
| Two-Way Frequency Tables | is a table used to organize and summarize the relationship between two categorical variables. It displays the frequency (or count) of each combination of the values of the two variables. |
| Quantitative Variables | These are variables that represent measurable quantities. They are characterized by their ability to be subjected to mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, which allows for meaningful statistical analysis. |
| Interquartile Range | IQR is a measure of statistical dispersion, or the spread of data, that describes the range within which the middle 50% of the values lie in a dataset. |
| Standard Deviation | measures the amount of variation or dispersion in a dataset. It tells you how spread out the values in the dataset are around the mean (average). A low standard deviation = close to mean, High = spread out wider. |
| Probability Distribution | a mathematical function that describes the likelihood of different outcomes in an experiment or random process. |
| Population Parameters | numerical characteristics or measures that describe a population. |