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Tax
UK Tax Systems Definitions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| income tax | direct - payable by individuals on employed income |
| NI contributions | direct - payable by individuals on employed income and by employers for having employees |
| capital gains | direct - payable by individuals on gains arising from the disposal of assets |
| inheritance tax | direct - payable by individuals on transfers of assets |
| value added tax | indirect - payable by the finl consumer on purchase price of goods and services |
| corporation tax | direct - payable by companies on profits and gains |
| stamp tax | indirect - payable by both individuals and companies when purchasing property |
| environmental tax | indirect - payable by businesses who are environmentally; friendly = reliefs or damaging = taxes |
| two key objectives of tax | redistribution of wealth funding the state |
| progressive taxes | people pay higher rate on higher amounts e.g., income tax |
| regressive taxes | higher individuals income the lower the tax paid on percentage basis e.g., fuel duty |
| proportional taxes | as income increases the tax remains constant e.g., corporation tax |
| ad valorem principle | tax based on percentage added to value of item e.g., VAT |