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The Universe
Unit 4 8th Science 2024
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| daily tide | 4 tides occur daily. 2 high tides and 2 low tides. If it isn't a spring or neap tide, it is a regular daily tide |
| neap tide | smaller tidal changes that happen after a 1st and 3rd quarter moon and have a 90 degree planetary arrangement |
| spring tide | have the highest high and the lowest low ties causing the biggest difference in tides. This happens after a full or new moon. when the planetary arrangement is in a straight line |
| gravitational force | the force of attraction between 2 objects. it causes weight, tides and things to stay on earth |
| axis | an imaginary line that an object rotates around |
| revolution | Earth's year-long elliptical counterclockwise orbit around the Sun |
| rotation | the spinning or turning of the Earth on it's axis which causes the day and night cycle |
| solstice | marks the change of seasons. happens twice a year in winter and summer marking the shortest and longest days of the year |
| equinox | happens two times a year when the day and night hours are almost equal this happens in the spring and the fall |
| hertzsprung-Russel Diagram | a graph that shows the relationship between temperature and brightness of stars |
| spiral galaxy | a system of stars that have spiral like arms coming from the center. older stars are in the center and younger stars are on the end of the spiral arms |
| elliptical galaxy | a system of stars that is oval in shape |
| irregular galaxy | a system of stars without a clearly defined shape |
| solar system | planets and other celestial bodies that orbit around a star |
| milky way galaxy | a spiral galaxy where the sun and our solar system are located |
| big bang theory | a belief that the universe formed and expanded from a single point |
| luminosity | brightness of a star determined by radiated energy and in relation to the sun |
| life cycle of a star | the process of birth, growth, changing forms and the death of a star. A star's life cycle is based on the mass of the star. |
| asteroid | rocky body that orbits the sun and is bigger than a comet |
| cosmology | the scientific study of the universe, its origins, structure, evolution and characteristics |
| black hole | an area where the gravitational pull is so extreme that nothing escapes (even light) |
| equator | an imaginary line dividing the earth into two equal halves called hemispheres |
| galaxy | a system of stars held together by gravity |
| gravitational potential energy | energy that is stored due to an object's mass and height above the Earth |
| magnitude | A number that tells how much of something there is; quality of being big |
| universe | all of space and everything in it |
| dwarf star | an ordinary star of relatively small size and low brightness |
| supernova | the massive, powerful explosion of a star at the end of its life. it will eventually explode |
| giant star | a luminous, expanded star with a much larger radius and luminosity than a main-sequence stare |
Created by:
Vblackburn