Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
AP Psych- Brain
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| neurons | a nerve sell; the building block of the nervous system |
| dendrites | (listen) bushy fibers that receive and integrate information conducting impulses toward the cell body |
| myelin sheath | enables vastly greater transmission speed as neural impulses hop from one node to the next |
| axon | (speak) neuron extension that passes messages through its branches or other neurons or to muscles or glands |
| glial cells | (glue cells) support, nourish, and protect neurons; they also play a role in learning, thinking, and memory |
| action potential | neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon (how neuron communicate with each other) |
| depolarization | loss of the inside/ outside charge difference |
| threshold | the level of stimulation required to trigger a neuron impulse |
| refractory period | brief resting pause that occurs after a neuron has fired |
| all-or-none response | a neurons reaction of either firing (with a full strength response) or not firing |
| synapse | junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron |
| neurotransmitters | chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons |
| reuptake | a neurotransmitters reabsorption by the sending neuron |
| agonists | molecule that increases a neurotransmitters action |
| antagonists | a molecule that inhibits or blocks a neurotransmitters action |
| nervous system | body's speedy, electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems |
| central nervous system | consists of the brain and spinal cord; is the body's decisions maker |
| peripheral nervous system | sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body; gathers information |
| nerves | bundled axons that form neural cables connecting the central nervous system with muscles, glands, and sense organs |
| sensory neurons | (carry messages) carry information form the body's tissue and sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord |
| motor neurons | carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands |
| inter neurons | neurons in the Brian and spinal cord; communicate internally and process information between the sensory inputs and the motor outputs |
| reflexes | a simple, automatic response to a sensory stimulus, such as the knee-jerk response |
| endocrine system | body's slow chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream |
| hormones | chemical messages that are manufactured by the endocrine glands, travel through the bloodstream and affect other tissue |
| hypothalamus | manages body temp, hunger, thirst, mood, sex drive, blood pressure, sleep |
| pituitary gland | most influential gland under influence of hypothalamus; regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands |
| lesion | naturally or experimentally caused destruction of brain tissue |
| brain stem | oldest part and central core of brain, beginning where spinal cord swells as it enters the skull; responsible;e for automatic survival skills |
| Medulla | The base of the brainstem; controls, heartbeat, and breathing |
| Pons | Just above the medulla; helps coordinate movements and control sleep |
| Thalamus | Sensory control center, top of the brainstem; direct messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla |
| Cerebellum | “Little brain“ rear of the brain system; processes, sensory input, coordinating, movement, output, and balance, enabling nonverbal learning, and memory |
| Limbic system | Below the cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions and drives |
| Amygdala | Two lima bean sized Neural clusters; link to emotion (aggression, and fear) |
| Hypothalamus | Neural structure lying below the thalamus; direct maintenance activities(eating, drinking , body temp); govern the endocrine system; linked to emotion and reward |
| Hippocampus | Seahorse shaped; helps process for storage, explicit memories of facts and events |
| Cerebrum | For specialized work teams that enable our perceiving thinking and speaking(cerebral hemispheres) |
| Cerebral cortex | Interconnected neural cell covering the cerebral hemispheres; bodies ultimate control and information processing center |
| Frontal lobe | Just behind the forehead; involved in speaking and muscle movements, and in making plans and judgment |
| Parietal lobe | At top and rear; receives sensory input for touch and body position |
| Occipital lobe | Back of head; includes areas that receive information from the visual fields |
| Temporal lobe | Roughly above ears; includes auditory areas, receiving information primarily from the opposite ear |
| Motor cortex | At rear of frontal lobe; controls, voluntary movements |
| Somatosensory cortex | At front of parietal, lobes registers and processes touch and movement sensations |
| Visual cortex | In occipital lobes(back of brain); any visual information goes here |
| Auditory cortex | In temporal lobes(just above ears) any sound is processed here |
Created by:
user-1872199