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RED CROSS LGT
red cross lifeguard certification course
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| F.I.N.D Method | Figure out, identify solutions, name pros and cons, decide |
| Professional life guards must be: (7) | 1) Knowledgeable appropriate skills, 2) reliable, 3) Mature, 4)courteous and consistent, 5) positive, 6) professional, 7) healthy and fit |
| In order to be "knowledgeable" a lifeguard must: | participate in training, in services, always able to respond to emergencies |
| In order to be "healthy and fit" a lifeguard must: | exercise, eat and hydrate properly, rest adequately, use sun protection |
| In order to be "courteous and consistant" a lifeguard must: | be polite and apply rules equally to all |
| In order to be "professional" a lifeguard must: | Wear proper clothing, be well groomed, keep rescue equipment at hand, sit or stand upright on duty, keep focused on area of responsibility, keep interaction with others brief, obserrve all facility rules |
| Primary responsibility of lifeguard | ensure patron safety and protect lives, including their own |
| P. rersp, how do we accomplish (5) | Minimize/eliminate hazards, enforce facility rules, recognize and respond to emergencies, administer CPR, AED, Inform lifeguards/management of safety hazards |
| Secondary lifeguard responsibilities | Paperwork, maintenance of poool, daily facility maintenace |
| Legal responsibilities(9) | Duty to Act; Standard of Care; Negligence; Good Samaritan Laws; Consent; Refusal of Care; Abandonment, confidentiality, documentation |
| DUTY TO ACT | legal responsibility to act |
| STANDARD OF CARE(4) | must meet minimum standard of care 1) communicate warnings, info; 2) recognize a victim in need; 3) Attempt to rescue, 4) provide care according to their level of training |
| NEGLIGENCE | 1) Failing to provide care; 2) providing care beyond scope of training; 3) providing inappropriate care, failing to control or stop inappropriate behaviors |
| GOOD SAMARITAN LAWS | protection for people providing emergency care in good faith |
| CONSENT | 1) give your name 2) training level; 3) ask if you may help; 4) explain that you want to assess situation; 5) Explain what you plan to do, GET CONSENT |
| REFUSAL OF CARE | If patron refuses care, 1) explain the concern, 2) ask if you can have someone more highly trained, such as EMS, to evaluate, 3) ask three times,4) get a witness and document |
| signs of severe dehydration (4) | extreme thirst, irratibility and confusion, very dry mouth and mucous membranes, lack of sweating |
| ABANDONMENT | once care is begun, it must be continued until EMS or someone with equal or greater training arrrives to releive you |
| CONFIDENTIALITY | any information received in the course of emergency treatment can only be shared with 1) EMS, 2) Management, 3) Legal Counsel |
| DOCUMENTATION | all injuries and emergency treatments must be docummented in full and in detail. Fill out as soon as possible to avoid losing details |
| Lifeguard team | 2 or more lifeguards on duty |
| How does Management facilitate lifeguard professionalism | policies and procedures manual, In service training, opprotunities for recognition and carreer advancement |
| two types of injuries | life threatining and non life threatening |
| life threatening injuries (6) | 1)submersion, 2)injuries to head, neck, spine, 3) unconciousness, 4) breathing emergencies, 5) cardiac emergencies, 6) severe bleeding |
| NON LIFE THREATENING INJURIES | FRACTURES, DISLOCATOINS, ABRASIONS, SUPERFICIL BURNS, MUSCLE CRAMPS, SPRAINS AND STRAINS, |
| UNDERSTANDING HOW INJURIES OCCUR HELPS LIFEGUARDS BY: | INCREASING THEIR AWARENESS, HELPING PATRONS AVOID RISKY BEHAVIOR, DEVELOPING A SAFETY CONCIOUS ATTITUDE AT FACILITY |
| INJURY PREVENTION STRATAGIES | COMMUNICATION WITH PATRONS, PATRON SURVEILANCE, FACILITY SAFETY CHECKS |
| 5 THING TO BE ALERT OR WHILE GUARDING PLAY STRUCTURES | OCERCROWDING/WEAK SWIMMERS, SURPRISE FACTORS, EXCITED CHILDREN, LOSS OF BALANCE DUE TO MOVING WATER, JUMPING IN WITH INFLATABLES, |
| coMMUNICATION | HELPS PREVENT INJURIES AND ENCOURAGES SAFE PATRON BEHAVIOUR |
| ENFORCMENT METHODS ARE: | AGE APPROPRIATE, APPROVED BY FACILITY |
| FACTORS INFLUENCING WATER CONDITIONS AND SAFETY | Depth, currents, debris, cloudiness |
| in the event of Thunder | clear pool, keep patrons away from showers and locker rooms, wait 30 miutes after last sound of thunder is heards |
| components of effective survielance (4) | 1) victim recognition, 2) effective scanning, 3) lifeguard stations, 4) areas of responsibility |
| Four conditions must be met for transmission of a blood born pathogen: | 1) A pathogen is present.2) There is enough of the pathogen present to cause disease.3) A person is susceptible to the pathogen4) The pathogen passes through the correct entry site. |
| Safety Checks, when | Multiple times per day as per management |
| If a safety hazard is discovered: | other guards should be notified so they can direct patrons away, ALL INCEDENTS SHOULD BE RECORDED IN DAILY LOG. |
| Victim recognition behaviors to key on (4) | 1) breathing, 2) arm and leg action, 3) body position; 4) locomotion |
| 4 catagories of people in water | 1) swimmers 2) distressed swimmers, 3) active drowning victim; 4) passive drowning victim |
| BABL for swimmwers | rythmic breathing, coordinated arm leg movenments, horizontal plane, recognizavble locomotion |
| BABL for distressed swimmers | can breath and may call for help; floating sculling or treading water, might wave for help |
| BABL for active drowining victims | struggles to breathe, can't call for help; horizontal, vertical or diagonal position, little forward motion, vertical, none, 20-60 sec from submersion |
| BABL for passive drowning victim | not breathing, no arm motion, horiz/vert, prone/supine, submerged, none |
| Passive drowning victim can be the result of:(7) | 1) heart attack, 2) seizure; 3) head injury; 4) heat related issue; 5) hypothermia, 6) hyperventilation; 7) alcohol or drugs |
| Heart attack, S&S (8) | 1)chest pain longer than 3-5 minutes;2) chest pain spreading to shoulder OR ARMS, 3) shortness of breath; 4) pale or ashen color; 5) nausea or vomiting; 6) dizziness; 7) sweATING, 8) DENIAL OF SIGNALS |
| Stroke S&S (5) | 1) Sudden weakness or numbness to one side of body, 2) DIFFICULTY WITH SPEECH OR VISION, 3) SEVERE HEADACHE, 4) CONFUSION, DIZZINESS OR DISORIENTATION |
| Seizure S&S (4) | 1) confusion2) dizziness3) body might stiffen, 4) convulsions followed by altered state |
| Head injury S&S | 1) swollen or bruised area, 2) uncioonciousnesss, 3) confusion or loss of memory, 4) severe pain of pressure, bleeding |
| effective scanning | area of responsibility, all levels of pool, thoroughly and repeadtedly, point to point, scan for problems, scan crowded areas carefully, partial;y hidden arm might indicate an active victim |
| affects of alcohol | affects balance, judgement, slows body movements |
| Types of life guard stations | elevated, ground level, walking |
| Rotation sequence | 1) walk to station, begin scanning, communicate readiness to present guard and wait for them to tell you it is OK to climb chair |
| RID factor | reason for most drownings in supervised areas, failure to Recognize victim, intrusion of secindary duties, distraction from surveillance duties |
| Special considerations for patron surveillance [Pg. 38] (6) | 1) location of the feature, 2) number of patrons at the facility,3) number of patrons using the structure, 4) age and skill of patrons using equipment, 5) activity and excitement level, 6) guard's ability to see around, and under tethered structures |
| types of covereage patterns for pools | Total; Zone; backup |
| Backup coverage | coverage utilized when a member of a multimember team has to enter the water |
| safety team responsibilities [pg. 50] (5) | 1) Summoning EMS, 2) Performing or assisting with a rescue, 3) providing backup covereage,4) controlling bystanders,5) clearing the pool or facility |
| Common Signals during an emergency | whistles, hand signals, PA Systems, Telephones, Radios, flags, megaphones |
| EAP | Emergency Action Plan |
| EAP steps (10) | 1) recognize that someone needs help; 2) lifeguard activates EAP, 3) Lifeguard follows general procedures of EAP, 4) Safety team members assist in emergency; 5) Chain of command is notified, 6) Witnesses are interviewed; 7) reports are completed; 8) equi |
| Pool entries 4 types | 1) slide in;2) stride jump;3) COMPACT JUMP; 4) RUN AND SWIM |
| ENTRY FOR POSSIBLE SPINAL, HEAD INJURY | USE SLIDE IN AND MAKE AS LITTLE WAVE MOTION AS POSSIBLE. |
| Entry in 5 ft or less water | use compact jump, flex knees and feet, cushion impact |
| entry under normal circumstances in 5 ft or greater | use stride jump, concentrate on keeping head above water and eves on victim |
| Proper aproaches to victims | approach at a distance of no less than 5 feet and from behind |
| How are pathogens spread? | direct contact, indirect contact, droplets, vector |
| typical protective gear to prevent spread of pathogens | gloves, mask, goggles, gown |
| Initial assessment: land injury or illness | 1) check for consiousness;, if unconcious call EMS 2) check for signs of life i.e. breathing moving, 3) check for a pulse; 4) check for severe bleeding |
| ABC's | Airway, breathing, circulation |
| HAINES position | High arm in endangered spine , |
| General procedures for land injury | 1) size up the scene, 2) perform initial assessment; 3) if needed summon EMS, 4) perform secondary assessment only absent life threatening conditions, 5) obtain consent |
| Conditions that require EMS assistance in land injury | 1) Unconsionsness,2) breathing problems, 3) chest issues,4) no pulse, 5) severe bleeding, 6) suspected head neck or back injuries, 7) allergic reactions, 8) siezures-multiple or longer than 3-5 minutes-pregnant-diabetic;9) vomiting blood, 10 )severe b |
| Examples of isotonic soulutions | D5W, 0.9 Normal Saline, 0.33 Sodium Chloride, Ringers Lactate |
| Examples of hypertonic soulutions | D5NS, D5LR, D10w D51/2NS |
| Examples of hypotonic soulutions | 0.45 NS, |
| key electrolytes in the body | Na, Ca, K, Cl, Mg, H2CO3, PO4 |
| Concentration range for Sodium | 135-145 mEq./L |
| Concentration range for Potassium | 3.5-5 mEq/l |
| Concentration range for magnesium | 1.5-2.5 mEq/L |
| Concentration range for Bicarbonate (arterial) | 22-26 mEq/L |
| Concentration range for Bicarbonate (venous) | 24-30 mEq/L |
| Concentration range for Phosphate | 2.8-4.5 mg/dL |
| Concentration range for Calcium (ionized) | 4.5-5.5 mg/DL |
| Hypovolemia | deficits in both fluid and electrolyte (isotonic loss) |
| dehydration | deficits in fluid (h20) , |
| Hypervolemia | excess in both (isotonic increase) |
| overhydration | excess in water |
| Assessments for fluid imbalance | thirst, urine output, food intake, |
| normal urine output | 30 cc/hr |
| Sensible loss/insensible | sweating/cellular respiration |
| Causes of Hypovemia | blood loss, suctioning, Diarhea, emesis, Diuretics, NPO, Diaphoresis, renal disease |
| Causes of dehydration | decreased thirst, hyperventilation, prolonged fever, DKA, enteral feeding w/o fluid replacement |
| Hypovolemia, S/S | altered mental state, weight loss, BP, Skin turgor, Hgb, K lowered; BUN, Pulse elevated |
| Hypovolemia, interventions | assess VS; assess monitor mental status; Turn & Position; fluid replacement 6-8 glasses H2O or Rl , monitor labs, skin turgor, avoid sugar, cafiene, balanced diet |
| Hypervolemia, S/S | Weight gain, shortness of breath, edema, crackles, distended neck veins, HR, BP, BUN, Creatinine, up; U/O down |
| Hypervolemia, interventions | Assess VS, Breathing, place pt in semi fowlers, restrict IV, elevate Lowere extremities, Balanced diet, limit alcohool |
Created by:
jrjct1