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Stack #4333520
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the primary purpose of thin-layer chromatography (TLC) in the analysis of analgesic drugs? | To identify and compare the components of different drug samples. A separation technique to separate compounds on the basis of polarity. |
| In a TLC experiment, which of the following factors most directly affects the distance a compound travels up the TLC plate? | The polarity of the compound relative to the solvent and stationary phase |
| If a nonpolar solvent is used as the mobile phase in a TLC experiment, which type of compounds would you expect to travel farther up the TLC plate? | Nonpolar compounds, because they interact less with the polar stationary phase |
| In TLC, the Rf value is defined as the ratio of the distance traveled by the compound to the distance traveled by the solvent front. Which of the following Rf values would indicate that a compound has a strong interaction with the stationary phase? | a lower Rf |
| Why is it important to use a UV lamp when analyzing the TLC plate of analgesic drugs? | To visualize the spots of compounds that are not visible to the naked eye |
| What is the primary technique used to extract caffeine from tea or coffee in this experiment? | Liquid-liquid extraction |
| In the isolation of caffeine, which solvent is commonly used to extract caffeine from the aqueous tea or coffee solution? | Dichloromethane (DCM) |
| Why is sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) added during the extraction of caffeine from tea or coffee? | To convert acidic impurities into their salts and prevent their extraction into the organic phase |
| What is the purpose of drying the organic layer with an anhydrous drying agent, such as magnesium sulfate (Na2SO₄), after extraction? | To remove residual water from the organic phase |
| When working with dichloromethane (DCM) during the caffeine extraction, which of the following safety precautions is most important? | Perform the extraction in a fume hood to avoid inhaling toxic fumes. |
| What is the primary use of infrared (IR) spectroscopy in the analysis of analgesic drugs? | To identify the functional groups present in the drug that displayed in specific regions. |
| In IR spectroscopy, which of the following bonds typically absorbs in the region of 1700 cm⁻¹? | C=O (carbonyl group) |
| Which of the following functional groups would you expect to be absent in the IR spectrum of acetaminophen, an analgesic drug? | Alkene group (C=C) |
| When analyzing the IR spectrum of an unknown analgesic drug, which of the following regions is most helpful in identifying functional groups? | Diagnostic region (above 1500 cm⁻¹) |
| How do you calculate Rf | (distance traveled by solute./ distance travelled by solvent) |
| Nonpolar substances dissolve in what type of solvents? | Non-polar |
| Polar substances dissolve in what type of solvents. | Polar solvents. |
| The TLC plate surface is... | a polar silica surface. The stationary phase is the most polar and the mobile phase has more non-polar character. This difference separates polar vs nonpolar substances. |
| What technique was used to separate compounds in spinach? What happened? | column chromatography. Substances were separated based on polarity d/t the solvents used. |
| What type of solvent was used first when running the column chromatography? What type of solvent was used afterwards? | A non-polar substance ran first to separate the nonpolar. A more polar solvent was used after. |
| What was the purpose of determining the melting point? | Melting points can indicate how pure a product is based on how close the melting point is to the literature MP. |
| What is the primary purpose of recrystallization in organic chemistry? | To purify a solid compound. (purify cation process?) |
| Which of the following is a desirable property of a solvent used for recrystallization? | High solubility of the solute at high temperatures and low solubility at low temperatures |
| What is the effect of impurities on the melting point of a compound? | They lower and broaden the melting point range |
| When selecting a solvent for recrystallizing a polar compound, which type of solvent would generally be most effective, and why? | A polar solvent because it can effectively dissolve the polar compound through dipole-dipole interactions. |
| Which of the following safety precautions is most critical when performing a recrystallization involving organic solvents? | Always perform the recrystallization in a fume hood to avoid inhaling solvent vapors. |
| C-H compounds are...? | non-polar, therefore are water insoluble. |
| If comparing nonpolar compounds, which one has more London dispersion character? | the non-polar compounds with a greater molecular mass. It is more insoluble in water. |
| If more branching is present, then ...? | The less London dispersion character there is. |
| What would a compounds that has more London dispersion and higher BP look like. | More linear, less branching |
| What is the purpose of the hydrogenation rxn lab? | To breakdown the alkene double bond to a single alkane bond through the use if H2 and Pd (Pt or Ni). |
| What compounds undergo SN1 and SN2 reactions? | Alkyl halides. Primary undergo Sn2 d/t being less sterically hindered and tertiary undergo Sn1 |
| LG characteristics | AKA leaving groups, a good leaving group will undergo rxn faster compared to a bad leaving group. Good leaving groups (Ranked) include: I-, Br-, Cl- |
Created by:
10parrots