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__________________ lines define the edge of objects, or where differing areas meet.
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_____________ are a series of points that are connected by the viewer's eyes. The actual line is not literally present.
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Art Appreciation

QuestionAnswer
__________________ lines define the edge of objects, or where differing areas meet. Contour
_____________ are a series of points that are connected by the viewer's eyes. The actual line is not literally present. Implied lines
The male figure waving red fabric in Gericault's The Raft of Medusa is most likely __________________. hoping to catch the attention of a passing boat
______________ shapes are irregular, asymmetrical, and often found in nature. organic
​Raphael uses a __________________ composition to create balance and stability in his painting, Madonna of the Meadow. triangular
​What term describes the 3-dimensional element of art that has volume (length, width, and height)? form
In 2-dimensional works of art, the __________ space is called the figure while the negative space is called the ground. positive
The illusion of space can be created in a 2-dimensional work of art using a variety of methods, such as more complex techniques like linear perspective and simple techniques like _____________________. overlapping
In The Last Supper, Leonardo da Vinci uses _______________ linear perspective to direct the viewer's eyes to the most important figure in the narrative composition. 1-point
In Young Hare, Albrecht Duerer masterfully uses this element of art to describe the animal's fur. texture
___________ both defines form and creates the illusion of light. value
​The purity of a color is its ______________, which is often described as a color's brightness. saturation
​The colors opposite each other on the color wheel are ____________. complementary
​Time is the use of __________ as an element of art, important in performance art, kinetic art, and video art. change
In Broadway Boogie Woogie, Mondrian creates ___________ by using a limited color palette and repeating hard edged shapes. unity
In the two paintings of shipwrecks by Turner and Gericault, the artists use the relationship of the waves to the boat or ________________ in order to carry their message. scale and proportion
Whistler's Arrangement in Grey and Black, No.1, is a great example of this principle of design. asymmetrical balance
In The Swing, Fragonard ________________ the figure on the swing by placing her near the center and painting her dress in a contrasting color to the background. emphasizes
__________ is the visual beat or tempo within a work of art. rhythm
The regular and planned repetition of an element of design is ______________. pattern
The term paleolithic means _________ stone age. old
The term neolithic means ___________ stone age. new
Cave art from the Paleolithic era provides us with some of our earliest examples of _______________ art. representational
TURE or FALSE: Paleolithic artists included hand prints in their cave paintings. true
Paleolithic artists used many techniques and materials to create their representations on cave walls. To create the image of a handprint, it is theorized that the paleolithic artists ___________________________. blew pigment and spit
TRUE or FALSE: The cave paintings at Lascaux date from around 15,000 years ago. true
Using carbon dating of the charcoal on the cave walls at Chauvet-Pont-d'Arc, historians believe the paintings were created over ____________ years ago. 30,000
Some of the animal images at the Chauvet cave include deer, owls, oxen, panthers, and ____________. mammoths
The artists at Lascaux used the earth pigment, _____________, which can create a range of yellows, oranges, and reds. ochre
TRUE or FALSE: Having been dated at 43,900, the cave paintings in Sulawesi, Indonesia are more than 13,000 years older than the oldest known cave paintings in Europe. trur
Numerous carved figurines of females have from the paleolithic period have been found throughout Europe. The most famous figurine has been called the ________ of Willendorf or the Woman of Willendorf. venus
TRUE or FALSE: In the 19th century and early 20th century, art historians chose the name Venus, the Roman goddess of beauty, to describe the small female figurines because they believed these stone carvings symbolized beauty and fertility. true
TRUE or FALSE: One of the most remarkable facts about Stonehenge is that it is the only structure of stones from the Neolithic Period in Britain, Ireland, and France. false
Stonehenge was constructed using 2 different stones; a locally sourced sandstone and bluestone. Which stone surprised archaeologists because the people who built Stonehenge would have to carry the stones from very far away? bluestone
Cuneiform the earliest form of writing was created by the Ancient ________________________. sumerians
The Ancient Sumerian text, __________________, tells the story of a hero in mourning who sets out to find eternal life in order to escape death. gilgamesh
The Ancient Sumerians built elevated temples or ______________ . They believed these buildings could be bridges between earth and heaven. ziggurats
The tombs at the burial pits of Ur contained not just the remains of people but also included precious objects such as jewelry, gold, valuable minerals, and ____________. musical instruments
As a result of their belief in the eternal life of the soul, the ancient Egyptians built _________________________ to protect the remains of the dead. pyramid tombs
TRUE or FALSE: The Egyptian pyramids have a triangular base with triangular sides. false
TRUE or FALSE: The tomb of King Tutankhamun is very important to scholars because King Tutankhamun was a ruler that made profound changes to Ancient Egyptian society. false
How many coffins were found inside the stone sarcophagus of King Tutankhamun? 3
Of the many books of the dead that had been written to be housed in Egyptian tombs, who was the author of the well preserved Book of the Dead that historians have learned so much information from? hunefer
The _______________ plant grows abundantly along the Nile River in Egypt. It became an important element in the development of a paper-like substance that was used to make scrolls in Ancient Egypt. papyrus
TRUE or FALSE: The potter's wheel was not available as a technology to the Ancient Greeks. Greek artists had to rely on hand-building techniques to construct amazingly symmetrical designs. false
In _____________, Pablo Picasso began his monumental work titled Guernica. 1937
TRUE or FALSE: The Taj Mahal only took 21 years to build even though it is one of the most ornate and complex mausoleums in the world. true
TRUE or FALSE: The 4 minarets that flank the Taj Mahal are used in their traditional role as a tall tower where a man calls Muslims to prayer. false
Pablo Picasso objected to the political faction ruled by _____________. general franco
TURE or FALSE: Spanish military troops did not attack Guernica. Instead, the German Air Force was authorized to bomb the city. true
Picasso used these symbols of Spanish culture to mythologize the destruction of Guernica. a bull and a horse
In what Greek city is the Parthenon located? athens
In what Roman city is the Pantheon located? rome
In what French city is the Gothic Cathedral of our Lady located? chartres
In what Turkish city is the former Byzantine cathedral Hagia Sophia located? istanbul
The Parthenon was built as a temple for the patron goddess of the city of Athens, Athena. In Greek mythology, Athena is the goddess of ________________. wisdom and war
TRUE or FALSE: The architects of the Parthenon purposefully distorted elements of the temple. true
TRUE or FALSE: The sculptural elements located in the pediment of the Parthenon were made of polished marble so that the white stone would shine from a distance? false
The Athenian sculptor _____________________ skillfully carved the hard marble in such a way that the stone resembled the soft folds of drapery that fell over the bodies of these lifelike figures. phidias
While the entrance to the Pantheon is a traditional portico or square porch with columns, the Pantheon's inventive element is the 142 foot tall ____________ capped by a dome. rotunda
TRUE or FALSE: Since the oculus is the only direct light source of the rotunda, the architects of the Pantheon created glass doors to help further illuminate the cathedral. false
Roman architects were the first builders to use ____________. The Pantheon's dome is an example of this new technology for the Roman empire. concrete
Who was the Roman Emperor who moved the capital of the Roman Empire to the Eastern city of Byzantium? constantine
Emperor _____________ built the Hagia Sophia or the Cathedral of Holy Wisdom. justinian
TRUE or FALSE: The minarets positioned around the dome of Hagia Sophia were later additions to the Roman cathedral and were not an element of the original plan. true
For the Byzantines, ________________ was a symbol of the presence of the spiritual world. light
Chartres Cathedral, begun during the ________________ period and then continued in Gothic style, reflects the transition from the early to the mature Gothic style. romanesque
Chartres became a major ____________ because it housed a piece of linen believed to have been worn by the Virgin Mary when she gave birth to Jesus. pilgrimage site
After the fire of 1194, the design features of the rebuilt Chartres are typical of ______________ architecture. high gothic
When King Louis IX acquired the crown of thorns worn by Christ, he built a glorious cathedral to house this holy relic. Because of this fact, the cathedral is often referred to as a ________________. reliquary
The High Gothic chapel, Sainte-Chapelle, exemplifies the Gothic concept of __________ as an expression of the divine. light
The Thorncrown Chapel designed by E. Fay Jones is located in ______________, Arkansas. eureka springs
TRUE or FALSE: The plans of Sainte-Chapelle and Thorncrown Chapel are similar in that they embody the cross shape of many Gothic cathedrals. false
The architect of Saint Nicholas Antiochan Orthodox Church in Springdale, Arkansas, is __________________. marlon blackwell
The interior of Saint Nicholas is painted with religious imagery in the ________________ style. byzantine
TRUE or FALSE: A satelite TV dish was used to create the dome for Saint Nicholas Antiochan Orthodox Church. true
TRUE or FALSE: When Maya Lin was awarded the commission to design the Vietnam Veteran's Memorial on the National Mall in Washington D.C., she was only 30 years old. false
The earliest camera was called a camera obscura which in Latin means ____________________. dark chamber
Historians have found written evidence for their use of a camera obscuras to assist painting and drawing as early as _____________. 1545
The American inventor, _______________________, is credited for making cameras and the photographic process commercially successful so that many people could use cameras to record images. george eastman
The first photograph ever taken was made in the year ________________. 1825
The _____________________ process was the first photographic process that permanently captured an image on a plate. daguerroptype
During the photographic process, the image recorded on a light sensitive plate or paper must be ________________ which means the image is stabilized so that it won't change to the effects of light anymore. fixed
In the _____________________ process you create a latent image or invisible image that does not appear when the plate is exposed to light. In this process, you don't see the image until you put it into a chemical bath that brings out the invisible image. developing out
At the same time Louis Daguerre was experimenting with creating a photographic image, ___________________ had succeeded in securing images to plain writing paper. William Talbot
In 1839, the American inventor ________________________ was the first person to create a daguerreotype in the United States. samuel morse
Matthew Brady is considered the father of _______________________ because of his documentation of the American Civil War. photo-journalism
The American photographer Alfred Stieglitz is not only important to the advancement of photography as an art form, but he was also instrumental in promoting Modern Art to American audiences by exhibiting their work at his gallery, ____________________. the 291 gallery
Alfred Stieglitz was married to the important American painter, _____________________. georgia o'keeffe
The landscape photographer Ansel Adams was an environmentalist and served on the board of the __________________ for over 30 years. sierra club
Like many photographers of her generation, Dorothea Lange was employed by national government agencies such as the ____________________. farm security administration
Gordon Parks was a versatile artist working as a photographer, film maker, and musician. He produced iconic images for widely published magazines such as ______________ and Vogue. life
The Burkinabe photographer Sanle Sory creates lively portraits of the people of his neighborhood at his studio, ________________________. volta photo
The American artist Cindy Sherman quickly became recognized as a leader in her field with her debut collection of photographs,__________________________. This body of work is comprised of 69 portraits of herself dressed as characters in staged scenes. untitled film stills
The Los Angeles photographer _____________________ is well known for her photographs of the LGBTQ community. catherine opie
Drawing is a process that artists use as a tool _________________________. to explore new ideas & to create a study for larger work
The architect of the Guggenheim Bilbao, ________________, makes quick gestural ink drawings to help him conceptualize what his designs could become. frank gehry
TRUE or FALSE: To make charcoal, artists use simple methods such as burning sticks in a fire. true
The tip of an ink pen is a ____________. nib
_______________________ is technique used to create light and dark areas by crossing and repeating thin lines of ink. crosshatching
One of the oldest methods of painting is ___________________. encaustic painting
______________ paints are made by mixing egg yolk, water, and dry pigment. tempera
The fresco paintings in the Arena chapel were completed in the ___________________ century. 14th
Like Diego Rivera, the Mexican artist, ________________________, revived interest in fresco painting. jose clemente orozco
TRUE or FALSE: The Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci did not use oil paints. false
________________ is one of the notable artists from the Venetian School of painting. bellini
Acrylic painting is a new method of painting. It was developed during the ______________ by American artists Leonard Bocour and Sam Golden. 1940's
To further refine a form, a sculptor may use a _____________, a tool with a row of little teeth, to carve away the material. rasp
The three steps of direct lost wax casting are : ______________, casting, and chasing. modeling
In the process of lost wax casting, a(n )_____________ provides the underlying support that allows the artist to model a larger form with clay. armature
____________ is an outer mold that can withstand high temperatures. the investment
__________________ is the workshop where sculptors pour molten metal to create bronze sculptures. a foundry
Because the space at the Mass MoCA was so large, the artist Tim Hawkinson created a small model to help him visualize how his sculpture would appear in a room roughly the size of ______________________. a football field
In the process of _____________________ pottery, an artist applies a type of liquid glass to the pottery to color their art work. glazing
What are the common techniques used to make sculptures? modeling, carving, assemblage, casting
In the ___________ process, a sculptor often works with a soft material such as clay or wax. additive
In the ___________ process, the artist cuts away at a hard material such as stone or wood with chisels and saws. subtractive
What are examples of carving/the subtractive process? Dying Slave by Michelangelo, Mount Rushmore by Gutzlon Borglum, Holy Blood Altarpiece
TRUE or FALSE: One reason artists may choose bronze casting as a technique is the fact that the end result is a long-lasting and durable sculpture. true
TRUE or FALSE: Metal casting is an ancient process employed by many cultures such as the people of Ancient Egypt as long as 3,000 years ago. true
The American sculptor _______________ is well-known for his small intimate boxes or assemblages that are made from found materials such as fishing cork, maps, glasses, balls, and other mundane objects. Joseph Cornell
Tim Hawkinson's contemporary sculpture, Uberorgan, creates sound by pushing air through _____________________. cardboard tubes covered in aluminum foil
________________________ is fired at a lower temperature. The end product is semi-porous to water. earthenware
_________________ is fired at a high temperature. The end product is nonporous to water. stoneware
In 246 BCE, artists created an army of ______________ soldiers for the tomb of the Chinese emperor. terracotta
The geographic area of Ancient Mesopotamia covered a large area including modern day Turkey, Syria, and _______________. Iraq
A __________ is an upright stone slab used as a monument in ancient times. stele
Naram-Sin is clearly the most important figure in carvings of the Akkadian ruler because he is visibly much larger than the other figures. This visual technique is called _________________ scale. hierarchical
TRUE or FALSE: The Egyptian King Narmer is credited by historians with uniting Upper and Lower Egypt. true
The ______________ pose is a conceptual pose which shows each body part from its most characteristic angle. composite
The famous portrait of Queen Nefertiti is remarkably _______________, although her beauty is idealized by the sculptor. Her neck is elongated and her eyelids are more pronounced. naturalistic
Numerous Greek Kouros figures identified as gods, warriors, and victorious athletes have been found marking graves and in sanctuaries. The Kouros figures represent ideal beauty in _____________. early Greek art
During the Early Classical Period, from 480-450 BCE, Greek artists became interested in developing more____________ figures. life-like
Contrapposto, meaning “____________________”, is a pose in which a figure is engaging one leg while relaxing the other, allowing the hips to angle. The head also relaxes, glancing slightly to the side. counterbalance
Ancient Greek artists enhanced the naturalism of their bronze sculptures by adding glass eyes, copper lips, and ____________ teeth. silver
___________________ is sometimes called the “Golden Age” of Greek art. Art from this period is characterized by an advanced understanding of anatomy combined with a virtuosic use of materials. Greek High Classical Art
As Greek sculptors continued to seek ideal beauty in their figures, one accomplished sculptor developed a set of rules for constructing the ideal human figure. Who is this sculptor? Polykleitos
TRUE or FALSE: The canon of perfect proportions developed by the sculptor Polykleitos taught artists to create figures that were 8 heads tall. false
During the Greek Late Classical period, from approximately 400 - 323 BCE, artists moved away from the ideals of perfect proportion and emotional detachment. Instead, the artists like ____________ shifted to follow a more dramatic style. Lysippos
In contrast to the calm faces and static poses of the High Classical period, the facial expressions of the figures in the sculptures such as the Dying Gaul and Laocoon were ___________________. expressive, emotional, passionate
A unique style of portraiture emerged from the Roman Republic which was associated with _____________, or strict naturalism. verism
The Roman statue of Augustus of Primaporta is an example of the change in ideals of beauty after the fall of the Roman Republic. This period of Roman history is known as the Roman ________________. Empire
TRUE or FALSE: The Roman emperor Augustus aligned his origins with the mythological God's of the Roman pantheon. true
During the Renaissance, a period of Western Art from the early 1400s to the late 1500s, artists and scholars held a renewed interest in _______________________. classical humanism
_______ figures are sculptures attached to the columns of a building. Jamb
The sculptures carved into the columns of the facade of the Gothic cathedral in Chartres differ from sculptures of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome because the bodies of the figures ________________________________. are elongated and otherworldly
The 20th-century sculptor Alberto Giacometti created art works that are ____________________. emotive
Donatello created David in the Italian city, ________________. Florence
In Botticelli's Birth of Venus, the goddess is born from the sea as she is seen riding ______________ to shore. a seashell
Giorgione's painting, __________________, is a picture of a female figure. This type of image would become very popular in Western painting. Sleeping Venus
Both ___________ and Velazquez created paintings of Venus gazing into a mirror. Rubens
With the painting Olympia, Manet shocked his Parisian audience by painting Venus as a _______________________. prostitute
Gauguin's Venus inspired painting has an unusual name. It is titled __________________ after a poem by the American poet Edgar Allan Poe. Nevermore
A focus on ________________ ideology and iconography is one of the characteristics of Byzantine Art. Christian
A ________________________ is a pattern or image made of small colorful pieces of tile and glass held in place by mortar. mosaic
__________________ means "image breaking" and is the banning and destruction of religious icons and images. Iconoclasm
The artist Giotto painted an image of the Virgin Mary and Child in c.1300-1305. The way Giotto painted the _________________ in this painting is an example of a change in how artists perceived and represented the human figure. drapery
One important difference between Giotto's Madonna Enthroned and Duccios's Madonna Enthroned is the fact that Giotto created depth and dimension by painting ____________________. shadows
During the Renaissance, artists merged _______________ style and methods with Christian iconography. Classical
As seen in Primavera by the artist Botticelli, Renaissance artists created art works with figures from Ancient Roman ____________________. mythology
TRUE or FALSE: The proportions of the human form used by Renaissance artists were based on the proportions used by Ancient Greek and Roman sculptors. true
Multiple versions of the biblical character, David, can be used to compare the style of key figures in the history of Western sculpture. The artists Bernini, Michelangelo, and ________________ all created remarkable sculptures of David. Donatello
In the biblical story of David defeating the giant Goliath, David is portrayed as _______________________. an underdog
TRUE or FALSE: Donatello's David is historically significant because it was the first free-standing nude sculpture since classical antiquity. true
TRUE or FALSE: The proportions of Michelangelo's David follow the classical proportions of the sculptor Lysippos, which is 1:8 or 8 heads tall. false
In ______________, over a century later, the Baroque artist Bernini sculpted a new version of the character David who defeated the giant Goliath. 1623
The body of Bernini's David twists as he holds the sling and stone in a stance taken moments before throwing the stone. This dynamic pose is similar to the Greek sculpture _____________________. Laocoon
In one of his manuscripts, Leonardo wrote that a painter was superior to ______________ because a painting can describe in an instant what it would take pages to describe in words. a poet
TRUE or FALSE: Even though he was not allowed to examine the bodies of the deceased, Leonardo made extremely accurate drawings of the internal organs of the human body. false
The drawing of the Vitruvian Man shows the ideal proportions of a man so that his standing figure can be bounded by __________________. a square and a circle
In the Last Supper, _____________________ just behind the head of Christ. the vanishing point lies
In the Last Supper, the expressions of the apostles demonstrate ___________________________. restrained emotions
In Mona Lisa, Leonardo used a gentle blending technique to paint the passage of light across Mona Lisa's face. This technique is called ____________, the Italian word for smoky. sfumato
TRUE or FALSE: The Mona Lisa remains in Paris today because it became the property of the King of France after Leonardo's death who was working for the King at that time. true
The School of Athens was painted by ____________________. Raphael
The span of years separating the two paintings, The Ambassadors and School of Beauty, is nearly ____________ years. 500
The artist Hans Holbein the Younger was born in Augsburg, __________________. Germany
Hans Holbein the younger became the court painter to the English King _____________. Henry VIII
TRUE or FALSE: Hans Holbein the Younger painted 6 portraits of the King's wives. false
King Henry VIII was so pleased with Holbein's preparatory drawing of his future wife, Christina of Denmark, that he ______________ it. kissed
TRUE or FALSE: King Henry VIII felt tricked because he did not think Anne of Cleves looked anything like the portrait of her by Hans Holbein the Younger. true
The use of ___________________ in the painting, The Ambassadors, is characteristic of the art of the Northern Renaissance. symbolic imagery
The two men in The Ambassadors are only ______________ years old. 25 and 29
The top shelf of the still life in the painting The Ambassadors is filled with ______________________. instruments used to measure time
The lower shelf of the still life in the painting The Ambassadors is filled with _________________ objects. earthly
The floor in the painting The Ambassadors is based on the floor of Westminster Abbey and is meant to represent macrocosm or the _________________. cosmic order
An _______________ image is a distorted image that appears corrected when viewed from the correct angle. anamorphic
A common image in still life painting are skulls which are meant to be seen as ___________________ or reminders of death. memento mori
In his painting, School of Beauty, School of Culture, the artist Kerry James Marshall __________________ Holbein's The Ambassadors. investigates, questions, and reinterprets
According to Marshall, "When you go to an art museum [...] When it comes to ideas about art and about beauty, the black figure is _______________." absent
In the painting School of Beauty, School of Culture, Marshall fills the walls with images by black artists such as Lauren Hill and Chris _______________________. Ofili
In the center of his painting School of Beauty, School of Culture Marshall paints his reflection in a mirror by showing ______________________________. a flash from his camera
The anamorphic image in School of Beauty, School of Culture resembles _______ princess. a Disney
Paintings and other artworks in museums play a role in ___________________ perceptions of beauty at different times in history. reinforcing
TRUE or FALSE: Northern artists like Albrecht Durer were different from the Italian artists in the south because of their geographic isolation and inability to travel. false
Northern Renaissance art is characterized by ___________________ and clarity in highly symbolic works of art. minute detail
Jan van Eyck's Arnolfini Portrait was created in ________________________________. 1434
TRUE or FALSE: The male figure in the Arnolfini Portrait is positioned near the window to emphasize that he is responsible for work outside the home in contrast to his wife who was responsible for domestic duties inside the home. true
TRUE or FALSE: The female figure in the Arnolfini Portrait is pregnant. false
The ___________________ located on top of the dresser behind the male figure in the Arnolfini Portrait symbolize fruitfulness or the hope of childbirth for this young couple. oranges
Some scholars interpret the gesture of the hands made by the male figure in the Arnolfini Portrait to his wife as a sign that he is _________________________. granting his wife authority to make business and legal decisions
The _________________ painted above the female figure's hand in the Arnolfini Portrait could be symbols of death. gargoyles
In the Arnolfini Portrait on the roundels along the side of the mirror, Jan van Eyck painted ____________________________. scenes of the life of Christ
Prior to the Renaissance, artists of the ___________________ decorated the outsides of cathedrals with images about the weighing of souls for good and evil. Romanesque period
One of the most enigmatic artists of apocalyptic visions is the painter, ____________________. Hieronymus Bosch
The artist who painted The Garden of Earthly Delights was engaged in scientific theory, including ________________. alchemy
During the Renaissance, many artists painted scenes on altarpieces displayed in churches. The altarpieces could be opened and closed. The inner panels of the altarpiece were denser and brighter and were meant to be displayed ____________________. on ceremonial days
When closed, The Garden of Earthly Delights is a serene grisaille painting of ___________________. the globe
TRUE or FALSE: The Garden of Earthly Delights is a relatively small altarpiece measuring under 7 feet wide. false
The central panel of The Garden of Earthly Delights is a depiction of the ______________ . descendants of Adam and Eve
Recurring images in the painting The Garden of Earthly Delights are fish, birds, and ___________ fruits
TRUE or FALSE: The left panel of The Garden of Earthly Delights shows a perplexing scene of Hell. true
A large portion of the left panel of The Garden of Earthly Delights is devoted to _____________________ used as devices of tortue. musical instruments
Women gazing into mirrors is a common image of the Renaissance meant to symbolize the sin of __________________. vanity
In The Garden of Earthly Delights animals are often used as symbols such as peacocks to symbolize _________________. pride
Bosch's peculiar ______________ seemingly reference images from medieval alchemical texts. foutains
Rococo style is light and airy with ______________ and slender figures. pastel colors
The Rococo painting ______________________ was created by the artist Fragonard. The Swing
Rococo artists created art works for wealthy aristocrats. Many critics objected to the lavish art of the Rococo which reflected the _______________ of its patrons. frivolous lifestyle
Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun was an important French Rococo portrait painter known for her portraits of ____________________. Queen Marie Antoinette
Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun painted a sympathetic portrait of the Queen of France as a ___________________ in order to earn sympathy for this unpopular monarch. loving mother
TRUE or FALSE: The artist Jacques-Louis David was employed as a painter for 3 different French governments including Napolean Bonaparte. true
________________________ depict a specific moment in a narrative from history, mythology, or the Bible. History paintings
Although the painting was commissioned by the king, _______________________ became an emblem of the 1789 French Revolution which like the American revolution led to the dissolution of the monarchy. Oath of the Horatii
The artist David switched sides during the French Revolution as opposition grew towards ________________ and his wife Marie-Antoinette. King Louis
The painting ________________ serves as a work of powerful political propaganda. The dead hero was seen as martyr whose death further fueled support for the Revolution. Death of Marat
As a final request before her execution, the 24-year old Charlotte Corday asked ______________________. to have her likeness painted
TRUE or FALSE: In David’s Napoleon Crossing the Alps, the artist presents Napoleon as a heroic figure on rearing horse, despite the fact that Napoleon actually rode a mule. true
Neoclassical art emphasizes ______________. line
The Third of May, 1808 is by the Spanish artist _____________________. Goya
The painting Third of May, 1808 is a work of political propaganda which commemorates the massacre of peasant citizens of __________________ after it fell to Napolean’s army. Madrid
TRUE or FALSE: In the Raft of Medusa, Géricault paints the fictional story of a shipwreck off the coast of Africa which was made popular in the novel by Cervantes. false
The French artist _________________ was regarded as the leader of the Romantic movement in France. Eugene Delacroix
Many Romantic artists chose subjects that celebrated the awe-inspiring power of nature. such as the English painter _____________. Turner
Manet's Luncheon on the Grass shocked and appalled its Parisian audience because the nude woman in the painting was depicted as ______________ having a picnic with men. a contemporary woman
The Salon des ____________ was an exhibition of art works that were rejected by the Official Salon. Refuses
In contrast to Cabanel's style, Manet's paintings were more painterly, _______________________. created with loose brushwork
Manet and his peers produced works that addressed the experience of modern life, the dynamic nature of the modern city, and the constant change and renewal resulting from __________________________. industrialization
The model and painter _______________ Meurent appeared in many of Manet's paintings. Victorine
TRUE or FALSE: Victorine Meurent was an accomplished artist whose paintings were included in the official Salon in Paris two times. false
In Luncheon on the Grass, Victorine was used as the model. She appears ________________ in the painting, perhaps this is why the public mistook her for a prostitute. nude
In the painting Luncheon on the Grass, Victorine confronts the viewer with _________________. She reverses the roles between the viewer and the painted female nude. a direct gaze
Manet also used Victorine Meurent as a model for his painting, __________________, of a reclining nude female figure similar to the masterpieces of other great artists. Olympia
Not only does the female figure of Olympia confront the viewer with her direct gaze, but her __________________ further emphasizes our intrusion on the intimate scene. startled cat
TRUE or FALSE: Manet painted many scenes of pastoral landscapes depicting the beauty of rural France. false
Modern Art is a result of artists becoming disinterested in the naturalism of 19th Century Art. The artists of the Modern Era were looking for new means to make use of the expressive qualities of _________________________. line and color
The Romantic poet, ________________________, also wrote influential essays about painting and art. Charles Baudelaire
_____________________ is a style of art that developed between the end of Impressionism and the beginning of Expressionism. Post-impressionism
The work ____________ by Claude Monet caused such a stir that one critic decried it, writing that Monet seemingly couldn't finish a painting, that Monet and his ilk are just impressionists. impression, sunrise
The Impressionists were a closely knit group of artists who exhibited together. Some of these artists included Monet, Renoir, Degas, and the American painter, ________________. Mary Cassatt
The Impressionists often travelled together and painted during their trips to the countryside. For example, in 1874, both __________ and Pierre Auguste Renoir painted the same scene of Claude Monet's family sitting in the grass enjoying the warm weather. Edouard Manet
Between 1892 and 1894, Claude Monet painted over 30 pictures of the Gothic cathedral in ______________, France. Rouen
Monet's late works of waterlilies approach _______________________ as he merges sky and water in a mixture of painted marks that capture the light and color of his garden in Giverny, France. non-representational abstraction
In the painting ________________________, Renoir paints a happy Parisian scene of people relaxing and dancing. Moulin de la Galette
TRUE or FALSE: In his depictions of crowds of people, Renoir often used his family and friends as models for his large paintings. true
Mary Cassatt's paintings of ______________________ focus on the connection and relationship between the figures. mothers and children
TRUE or FALSE: Unlike artists of the past, Degas did not believe in planning and sketching his subjects to prepare for him for his larger painted images. false
Degas was one of the first painters to use ___________________ as a tool to study composition and figures. photography
Expressionism arose in the German cities of Berlin and ___________________. Munich
The Expressionists produced images of modern Germany as ____________ world of anxiety and isolation. an urban
Wassily Kandinsky was a founding member of the artists' group, Der Blaue Reiter, or __________________. The Blue RIder
For Kandinsky, painting is __________________ endeavor in which he wished to compose with pure form and color. a spiritual
Unlike his German counterparts, the Expressionist artist Edvard Munch lived most of his life in ________________________. Norway
TRUE or FALSE: It is possible that Edvard Munch painted the red skies in The Scream because he observed dramatic red skies in Oslo due to the recent eruption of a volcano in Indonesia. true
Vincent van Gogh's iconic painting, The Starry Night, is one of the most recognizable paintings of Modern Art even though it was painted at the beginning of Modernism in __________________. 1889
Van Gogh painted using _________________ technique in which the paint is applied thickly so that it stands out beyond the surface of the canvas or board. an impasto
Van Gogh and other artists in France were greatly influenced by wood block prints from _______________ which arrived in France following new trade agreements between the countries. Japan
Georges Seurat chose a specific application of paint so that small splotches of unmixed color would appear as a new color ________________________. when perceived at a distance
Paul Gauguin looked for inspiration in places far from the rapidly growing cities of Europe. He first located in the provincial area of Brittany and later moved to _____________________. Tahiti
Like Paul Gauguin, Paul Cezanne chose to live ____________________. in rural France
Emphasizing the structure and __________________ of the picture plane, Cezanne's method of painting was to break the form apart into geometric planes. flatness
Henri Matisse completed his pastoral painting, The Joy of Life, in __________________ at the onset of the 20th Century. 1906
Henri Matisse was associated with the radical movement, ______________________, whose name was derived from the French word for wild beast. Fauvism
Picasso's early paintings from the ____________ and the Rose Period were based upon contemporary people that the artist encountered. Blue Period
In 1906, Picasso began his large multi-figure painting, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, in part as response to paintings of the same subject matter by _______________ and Henri Matisse. Paul Cezanne
The figures in Les Demoiselles d'Avignon are painted with sharp lines and expressive faces. Scholars attribute his painting of the female figures in this way to Picasso's recent interest in ______________________. African masks
In Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, the simplification of human forms into geometric shapes is a _______________ Cubism. harbinger of
Pablo Picasso along with _____________________ created the art movement Cubism. George Brauque
One of the most well known Surrealist artists is the Spanish painter, __________________________. Salvador Dali
TRUE or FALSE: Surrealism was a movement that began with a group of sculptors and painters who frequented the Cafe de Flore in Paris. false
The first exhibition of Surrealist art took place in _______________. 1925
Through his artwork, _____________________________ like Salvador Dali celebrated the absurdity of life. Man Ray
Abstract Expressionism as a movement marked the emergence of ___________________ as the cultural capital of the art world. New York City
The Abstract Expressionists can be divided into two groups: Action Painting and __________________ Painting. Color Field
In Action Painting, the motion of the artist's hand is made visible by the loosely painted images. It can be identified by its spontaneous _____________ brush strokes. and gestural
Like Pollock's work, the paintings of _________________ are gestural and spontaneous. Willem de Kooning
One of the most notable Color Field painters is ______________. Mark Rothko
Mark Rothko's paintings are composed of _______________ color. Large, flat planes of
Minimalism followed Abstract Expressionism. Minimalists included painters but was largely a movement led by _____________________. sculptors
Minimalist artworks are made with the same types of materials found in ________________. a factory assembly line
TRUE or FALSE: Many artworks by female artists have been wrongly and unjustly attributed to other, male artists. true
One group of activists who call themselves ___________________ raised awareness about the absence of female artists in art museums through clever and eye catching ad campaigns. The Guerilla Girls
A pivotal artwork in addressing women's conspicuous absence from historical accounts is The Dinner Party by _________________. Judy Chicago
It took Judy Chicago 5 years to create The Dinner Party. The work is composed of 39 place settings for prominent women throughout history arranged on a _______________________ table. Triangular
The plates for the artists Georgia O'Keeffe and __________________ are noticeably more sculptural and dimensional in order to represent them as women rising above obstacles and being treated equally as men. Wirginia Wolfe
On the frontispiece of her manuscript Scivias, Hildegard of Bingen paints herself with ______________ rising above her. flames
TRUE or FALSE: The Swedish painter Hilma af Klint who studied Theosopy and other occult ideas did not believe that spiritual forces could communicate directly with her and her colleagues. false
Georgia O'Keeffe spent much of her life in the Western United States, having lived in both Texas and _______________________. New Mexico
Although O'Keeffe is particularly well known for her large scale _______________, she produced hundreds of pictures of the hills and canyons of the desert landscape of New Mexico. flower paintings
In her autobiographical work, Two Fridas, Kahlo paints a double self-portrait to represent her dual heritage, part European and part ______________________. Mexican
The Surrealist painter Remedios Varo incorporated into her strange paintings images of _______________________ like those painted by Hieronymos Bosch in the 15th Century. alchemical devices
Similar to many Minimalist sculptors, Agnes Martin worked with grids and created works in a _____________________, repeating images on paintings of the same size. serial fashion
TRUE or FALSE: One reason that explains Louise Bourgeois' lifelong interest in spiders is the fact that her mother was a seamstress who repaired tapestries. true
Before making her multi-dimensional infinity rooms, the artist Yayoi Kusama created mesmerizing images of _________________ that covered her canvas. repetitive nets
Who said, "I am for an art that imitates the human, that is comic, if necessary, or violent, or whatever is necessary.?" Claes Oldenburg
_____________________ was fascinated by contemporary icons, fame, and consumerism. Andy Warhol
Andy Warhol began his career as ____________________. a graphic designer
Pop artists like Andy Warhol elevated popular images that appear as advertisements for a product to the same level as high art seen in ____________________. an art gallery
Warhol’s Campbell’s Soup Cans reveal the ________________________ ideals of regularity, consistency, and familiarity. consumerist
TRUE or FALSE: Andy Warhol began painting images of Marilyn Monroe shortly after her tragic death. true
_______________________________ allowed Warhol to copy his own images using the same method as that used for commercial package designs. Silkscreen printing
Andy Warhol became a globally recognized brand. In fact, he named his studio, _______________,where he hired assistants to help complete his works of art in the style of the manufacturing that so fascinated him. The Factory
The pop artist Roy Lichtenstein is best known for painting enlarged ___________________ to create works of art that directly reference popular media culture. comic book panels
Lichtenstein uses paint and stencil to imitate the look of commercial printing mimicking the _________________ of a mechanical printing method used in pulp comics. Ben-Day dots
The contemporary artist _______________________ has been deeply influenced by the Pop Art movement. Jeff Koons
TRUE or FALSE: Unlike Andy Warhol who employed dozens of assistants to help him complete his works of art, Jeff Koons prefers to work with only one trusted assistant. Unlike Andy Warhol who employed dozens of assistants to help him complete his works of art, Jeff Koons prefers to work with only one trusted assistant.
Paying tribute to the costume designed for her by Jeff Koons, the pop artist _______________ sings, “One second I'm a Koons, then suddenly the Koons is me.” Lady Gaga
Postmodern art begins at some point in the _______________ and encompasses many art movements such as Pop Art and Performance Art. 1960's
Postmodernism heralded a deepened interest in ___________________ and the emergence of artists who proactively seek to diversify museums and the stories told by art history. inclusivity
Postmodern art moves out of the traditional spaces of museums and galleries. It can be seen in ___________________. public spaces
The postmodern artist Cindy Sherman is known for her _______________________. photography
In Untitled Film Still #21, the exact storyline __________________, as are many of Sherman’s works of art. is left ambiguous
In the 1908s, how many times did the atrists Keith Haring make chalk drawings in New York City subway stations by drawing over black matte paper that was used to cover advertisements who's contracts had expired 5,000
The land and light artist __________ is a pioneer in the use of natural light as a medium of expression. His Skyspaces are environments designed for the viewer to experience the passage of light at dawn and at dusk. James Turrell
Contemporary British artist ______________________ uses the bodies of animals in his works of art, such as his famous The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living. Damien Hirst
To many, Nam June Paik is the __________________. father of Video art
The American painters Kehinde Wiley and _________________ were commissioned to paint portraits of President Obama and the First Lady for the National Portrait Gallery. Amy Sherald
Kehinde Wiley copies historic paintings from the past and recasts his own take on these traditional subjects using ________________________ as subjects, people from his neighborhood
Bruce Nauman uses neon lights as a material to create his sculptures that often include __________________. written expressions
A noticeable change occurs in the next generation of younger artists coming out from under Modernism. Postmodern artists reintroduce ______________________ as a central subject in works of art. the human form
The development of __________________ art allowed artists to make art entirely with their own bodies. performance
In 2010, Marina Abramović staged a blockbuster performance at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City entitled The Artist is Present. During the performance, she invites the viewer to _____________________ the performance. participate in
___________________ represents the human body using common daily objects such as candies, clocks, and stacks of papers. Felix Gonzalez-Torres
Each of the clocks in Perfect Lovers by Felix Gonzalez-Torres represents a _________________. person
The artist _________________ creates elaborate suits made of found objects and fabrics that he uses in choreographed dances. Nick Cave
Created by: Alicia.loves_
 

 



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