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Marriage Family Exam
Final ! Chapter 14
Question | Answer |
---|---|
According to Narrative therapist, how is our reality organized and maintained? | Through the stories we tell about ourselves and the world we inhabit. |
Narrative creating is an ongoing process. T/F . | True . |
We make sense of how and why we live using stories about ourselves, abilities, relationships, and failures through . . . | Linking life events in a particular sequence. |
Dominant stories: | Can explain current actions and impact an individual's life in the future. |
The stories we tell ourselves about how we interact with others is not about our lives. T/F | True, it is our life/ becomes their reality of life. |
Metaphor of systems: | Feedback loops and interactive behavior patterns |
What metaphor IS used by narrative family therapists? | Metaphors of language, stories, and the way people organize, interpret or assign meaning to their experience. |
What are the four clusters of the Life narrative? (Freeman, 2011) | 1. Core Narrated Self 2. Life Predictions and Expectations 3. Life Events and Actors 4. Opportunities for Meaning Making and Growth |
Core Narrated Self (Life narrative cluster) | One's internal and external identity |
Life Predictions and Expectations (Life narrative cluster) | Optimism or pessimism for the future |
Life Events and Actors (Life narrative cluster) | The influence of people and circumstances on the narrative |
Opportunities for Meaning Making and Growth (Life narrative cluster) | an aerial (outside) view allowing for reflection |
According to narrative therapists, families tend to creative positive stories and explanations about their lives. T/F | False, families frequently construct negative, self-defeating, dead-ended narratives. |
Negative constructs: | Myths, excuses, negative self-labeling,. Reasons for feelings of defeat, inadequacy, or distress. Explanations and justifying incapability. |
According to narrative theory, how can people achieve change? | 1. People need to consider alternate ways to evaluate assumptions, values, and meaning of their life. 2. Acknowledge dominant existing stories about themselves or problems. |
How can families actively shape and change their future lives? | Creating and internalizing new stories and assumptions. |
In narrative therapy, the therapist is the expert. T/F | False, collaborates with the client as the expert. |
Role of narrative therapist: | Leads respectful, non-blaming conversation, honoring individual client background, and assumes the client has ability to positively reframe life story. |
A successful process of creating a new outlook, and assigned meaning to life leads to what? | New behavior |
Our lives contain one story, that have a set meaning according to narrative therapists. T/F | False, lives are "mutlistoried", filled with ambiguity, and differed meanings. |
What we notice about a new event typically fits into a previously established dominant story. T/F | True |
Deconstruction: | A changed interpretation of an event; it may replace an old self-negating view. |
When a new interpretation is adopted, the new positive attitude can be applied to other situations. T/F $ | True $ |
What emerged from Poststructuralism and Deconstruction? | Narrative Therapy |
Both Poststructuralists and Structuralists believe in deep, complex structures that can be broken down into elements. T/F $ | False $ |
Structuralists: | Behavior manifests from deeper structures that have true meaning. They focus on completely fixing a flaw rather than eliminating or reducing symptoms. |
What characterizes much of 20th century thought in social sciences? | Structural ideas including Freud's intrapsychic structure ,and traditional family structure in family therapy. |
Poststructuralists such as . . . opposed simplicity of good or bad structures, and supported personal significance. | Cognitive psychologist Jerome Bruner, Anthropologist Barbara Meyerhoff, French political/social Philosopher Michael Foucault, Narrative Therapist Michael White |
Structuralists look for "thick" descriptions that are enriched and multistoried, shaped by personal, historical, and cultural influences. T/F | False, that is Poststructuralist. Structuralists use "thin" descriptions ex. normal/abnormal, functional/dysfunctional |
Narrative therapists should not try to enhance client's stories or make them more complex. T/F | False, that is a goal of narrative therapists for the story of client's life and relationships. |
Those with "definitional power" include: | parents, teachers, doctors, religious authorities |
Thin descriptions are: | an anthropological concept |
In early narrative therapy, clients . . . | 1. have problem-based stories 2. stories imposed by definitional power 3. stories self-defining as negative "truths" |
Thin descriptions usually . . . | are given by politically powerful or influential outside observer, turns into negative labels negating experience of individual. |
How do clients believe ascribed thin descriptions? | 1. accept as true and unchangeable, without considering personal reasons 2. Does not remember evidence contrary to negative self-label 3. Negative story overshadow or limit positives. |
What subjective experiences contribute to thick descriptions describing how and why one behaves? | desires, passions, hopes, purpose, commitments |
Thick descriptions - | elaborate, comprehensive, and multistoried, not simply labeled by others. Interwoven with other's lives. Created by retelling of preferred stories about self and history. |
Michael White's interpretation of thick description: | called them the "absent, but implicit". They are underlying, meaning-making values and commitments, that allow more possible stories making the negative "only one strand" of the story. |
Narrative therapists help clients replace stories with positive ones. T/F | False, narrative therapists allow for more stories/ "multistoried" perspective to counterbalance negative. |
Jacques Derrida | French theorist who contributed term "deconstruction". Meant a text did not have a single meaning. |
According to Derrida, deconstruction is a conscious action. T/F | False, it "takes place" as the individual makes their natural interpretation. |
According to Derrida, what can give absolute meaning? | Textuality and language, as it is dependent on the meaning given by the individual. |
Narrative therapists consider a dominant story or set of assumptions as an illusions. T/F | True, they help clients explore multiple explanations or assumptions to one event. |
Who might struggle with rewriting or creating stories? | Those who have anxiety without absolutes ( stability), feminists |
Leading figure in narrative therapy at Dulwich center in Adelaide, Australia | Michael White |
Michael White agreed with Gregory Bateson's theories. T/F | False, White was originally inspired by Bateson, but disagreed with cybernetics theory - instead proposed narrative view. |
Who inspired Michael White? | Feminist, and wife, Cheryl White. Gregory Bateson on meaning-making of world. Anthropologist David Epston. French social critic Michel Foucault. |
Who was a social worker and family therapist? | David Epston & Michael White |
Who wrote therapeutic letters to families? | David Epston |
Cheryl White | Social activist. Founder of Dulwich Centre Publications in Adelaide. Edits the Journal of Narrative Therapy and Community Work. |
Stephen Madigan | Canadian director of the Vancouver School for Narrative Therapy. Presents workshops internationally. |
What do cultural stories do? | they underlie, influence, and shape personal narratives through dominant stories that clarify proper behavior. |
Common toxic narratives: | Beliefs that form the basis for racism, sexism, ageism, class bias etc. |
Deconstruction includes breaking down cultural stories that contribute to the problem. T/F ! | True ! |
Narrative therapists do not see the person as the problem. T/F | True, the problem is the problem. |
Michel Foucault saw what as an instrument of power? | Language |
Foucalt believed what maintained society's power structure by eliminating opposing views? | Certain dominant stories that perpetuate "objective truths" |
Those who hold dominant or expert power (doctors, therapists, politicians, scientists) Foucalt claims determines . . . | what knowledge is held to be true, right, or proper in society as they hold the most power. |
What does Foucalt claim oppression stems from? | The control of language |
How did Foucalt believe people should overcome dominant false narratives? | That they should challenge dominant ideas to open up more viewpoints. |
What do White and Foucalt have in common? | They both social justice an emphasis of their work. |
What is typical of the lens of narrative therapists? | a political lens of oppression (racism, sexism, gender, and class bias) |
The narrative therapist diagnoses needs, motives, drives, ego strengths, and personality characteristics. T/F ! | False ! |
The therapist is . . . when they are still influential, but at the center of the therapeutic process. | decentered |
Externalizing conversations | Developed by Michel White to help clients place the problem outside of themselves to attach new meanings to their experiences freed from restraint. |
What do narrative therapists believe about problems? | 1. The client, or family, is not the problem 2. They are changeable 3. It is socially constructed. |
Narrative families do not focus on . . . | 1. Family patterns/dynamics 2. Past critical events, as causes of the problem, instead how a problem affects the family. |
The externalized problem has a "will of it's own". T/F | True, the dominant nature was imposed, not chosen by the client reducing self-blame. The problem is personified as a separate entity. |
The narrative therapists does not encourage the family to unite against the problem. T/F . | False . |
Narrative therapists use questions to . . . | explore the "influence and operations of the problem" OR what the person is experiencing and how it is affecting them. |
The client retelling the problematic and alternative in different ways contributes to . . . | a rich or thick description |
Unlike Anderson's and Goolishian's conversational tone, White uses . . . | direct questions |
Unique outcomes | perhaps exceptional events, actions, or thoughts contradicting their dominant problem-saturated story when they did not experience the problem. |
How is Narrative therapy similar to solution-focused therapy? | 1. Creating alternate story 2. Looking for exception to the problem |
May be a plan, action, feeling, statement, quality, desire, dream, thought, belief, ability, or commitment | Unique outcomes can present themselves this way. Can also be past, present, or future. |
What reinforces alternative narratives? | 1. Retelling preferred stories with more detail 2. Interweaving with other people's lives/stories 3. Use reflecting teams or outside witness groups |
Definitional ceremonies | Applied to narrative therapy from anthropologist Barbara Meyerhoff. Client can perform story for audience displaying meaning. Strengthens alternative narrative, and contributes new opportunities. |
Reflecting team members | Professionals (such as therapists) who observe the client from the outside and can give feedback. |
What is decentered sharing? | Outside witness sharing how the therapist influenced the client/family. |
Everyone at the end of the therapeutic process meet, client, therapist and witnesses. T/F % | True % |
Voices/ people who may not be present today who cheered on the client, and can be imagined as further encouragement. | Remembered audiences |
Advantages of therapeutic letters: | 1. Extends outside of therapy session 2. Reaches out to new family members 3. Reinforces alternative stories 4. Enhances therapeutic alliance 5. May reduce feelings of hierarchy |
Epston and White thought therapeutic letters were worth: | 4 to 5 therapy sessions |
What poses more of an ethical issues with therapeutic letters? | Considering boundaries using technology. |
Summary letters | Key points made by client and positive outcomes included in letter. |
Letters of invitation | Inviting new family members to consider their "stories" or join therapy sessions. |
Redundancy letters | Pointing out that one individual has too many roles/ wearing too many or wrong hats. |
Discharge letter | Informing a family member they should stop playing a particular role |
Letters of Prediction | Continued success expectations written at the end of therapy. |
Anti-Anorexia/Anti-Bulimia leagues | Groups in New Zealand (begun by Epston), U.S., Canada, and Australia that help each other through shared experience. Allows for stronger supportive subculture. |
Strengths are not emphasized in Narrative therapy. T/F | False, focusing on strengths helps write a more positive narrative. |