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Blanca Avellaneda
Anatomy Weeks 6-12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The Flexor muscles that move the fingers are mostly located on the | anterior medial surface of the forearm |
| The covering of individual muscle fibers is the | endomysium |
| The prime mover can also be called the | agonist |
| All of the following muscles are part of the rotator cuff except the: -deltoid -infraspinatus - supraspinatus -teres minor | deltoid |
| The posterior arm muscle that extends the forearm is the | triceps brachii |
| A muscle is attached to the femur and the tibia. Its function or action is to bend the knee. When it contracts, it is acting as the | prime mover |
| When an athlete injures a muscle of the hamstring group, the injury is on the | posterior thigh |
| Groups of skeletal muscle fibers are bound together by a connective tissue envelope called the | perimysium |
| Muscles may be names according to: -function -direction of fibers -points of attachment -all of the above | All of the above |
| The muscle that extends and adducts the arm is the | latissimus dorsi |
| The linea alba is a band of connective tissue that runs over the rectus abdominus from the xiploid process to the pubis | True |
| The most common type of lever in the body is a ____-class lever | third |
| The muscle(s) assisting in rotating the arm outward is (are) the: | teres minor |
| There are more than 600 muscles in the body | true |
| in pushing (pressing) a weight from shoulder height to above the head, which of the following muscles is least utilized | biceps brachii |
| Poor posture puts abnormal strain on bones and may eventually produce deformities | True |
| Another name for sphincter muscle is a ____ muscle | circular |
| Which of the following body systems assists the muscles in maintaining posture? -Digestive -Endocrine -Excretory -All of the above | All of the above |
| The Achilles tendon is common to both the gastronemius and the soleus | True |
| Which of the following is not a posterior muscle that acts on the shoulder girdle? | Pectoralis minor |
| Which of the following statements about the muscles of the thorax is incorrect? | When the diaphragm contracts, it decreases the volume of the thoracic cavity and expels air from the lungs. |
| Small distinct regions of gray matter in the CNS are called | nuclei |
| Deepest connective tissue of a nerve | Endoneurium |
| Interneurons reside in the | CNS only |
| Multipolar neurons have | multiple dendrites and one axon |
| Nerves that contain mostly afferent fibers are called ___ nerves | sensory |
| The afferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system | carry feedback information to integrating centers in the brain |
| Astrocytes attach to | neurons and blood vessels |
| A neuron that transmits a nerve impulse toward the central nervous system is called a(n): | sensory neuron |
| Regeneration of nerve fibers will take place only if the cell body is intact and the fibers have: | a neurilemma |
| A neuron that has only one axon but several dendrites is classified as a _____ neuron. | multipolar |
| The part of the nervous system that transmits impulses from the CNS to the skeletal muscle is the: | somatic nervous system. |
| cannot cross BBB | dopamine |
| Most unipolar neurons are usually: | sensory neurons |
| One of the components of the blood-brain barrier is: | astrocytes |
| The largest and most numerous types of neuroglia are the: | astrocytes |
| Neurons in the CNS have less chance of regenerating for all of the following reasons except: | microglia lay down scar tissue. |
| Gray matter in the brain and spinal cord consists primarily of: | cell bodies |
| The white matter of the nervous system is made up of: | myelinated fibers |
| Fascicles are held together by a connective tissue layer called the: | perineurium |
| Dendrites conduct impulses _____ cell bodies. | toward |
| Along a neuron, the correct pathway for impulse conduction is: | dendrite, cell body, axon |
| The innermost layer of the meninges is the: | pia mater |
| The phrenic nerve is found in the _____ plexus | cervical |
| Small branches from the cervical plexus join which two cranial nerves | hypoglossal and accessory |
| The peripheral nervous system includes: | only cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and their branches. |
| The brain has ____ major divisions | 6 |
| The sensory cranial nerves include only the | olfactory, optic and vestibulocochlear |
| The cranial nerve that arises from the spinal cord is the | accessory |
| Nerve fibers of the spinothalamic tract are | sensory |
| Spinal nerves are _____ fibers | motor and sensory |
| There are ____ lumbar nerve pairs | 5 |
| Part(s) of the cerebrum associated with anger, fear, and sorrow is (are) the | limbic system |
| Axon terminals that secrete acetylcholine are called cholinergic terminals. | true |
| Visceral effectors are innervated by sympathetic fibers | true |
| The spinal nerves that are connected to the spinal cord consist of ____ pairs | 31 |
| Cerebrospinal fluid circulates through the ventricles, into the central canal, and ____, and is absorbed back into the blood | subarachnoid space |
| Beta receptors | bind norepinephrine |
| Not a plexus of the spinal nerves | Thoracic |
| Layer of meninges that serves as the inner periosteum of the cranial bone is the | dura mater |
| All of the following cranial nerves have a functional classification of motor except: -oculomotor -trochlear -vestibulocochlear -accessory | vestibulocochlear |
| Spinal tract located on the side of the cord, originates in the brain, and terminates in the spinal cord in the _____ tract | lateral corticospinal |
| The nerve commonly called the vagus nerve is the ____ cranial | tenth |
| area with highest concentration of cones | fovea centralis |
| largest purely endocrine gland in body | thyroid gland |
| transparent structure of the eye containing regularly aligned collagen fibers | cornea |
| endolymph-filled structure containing receptors for hearing | cochlear duct |
| transparent mucous membrane covering the inner surface of the eyelid | conjuctiva |
| Hormone that inhibits osteoclast activity in children | calcitonin |
| Region of the hypophysis that contains secretory endocrine cells derived from the oral ectoderm. | adenohypophysis |
| The hypophyseal portal veins are primarily located in the | infundibulum |
| The hormone produced by the heart | increases the excretion of sodium in the urine |
| The basilar membrane supports the | spiral organ |
| The anatomical stalk of the pituitary is also known as the | infundibulum |
| Pancreatic cell type that produces insulin. | beta cells |
| Class of hormones secreted during chronic stress that depress immune function. | glucocoticoids |
| Region of the adrenal cortex that secretes DHEA. | zona rectacularis |
| Gustatory cells are located in all of the following areas except | on the apical surface of the vallate papillae on the tongue |
| Melanin-containing layer of the eye's vascular tunic | choroid |
| Endocrine gland stores enough of its hormone extracellularly to last several months | thyroid |
| Gel-like structure embedded with the tips of the cochlear hair cells | tectorial membrane |
| fluid filling the posterior segment of the eye | vitreous humor |
| Endolymph is made | in the stria vascularis |
| Endocrine gland of the thorax that is also important to immune function | thymus gland |
| Not part of the flow of taste sensation along the gustatory pathway to the cerebral cortex? | hypothalamic appetite centers |
| Membrane attached to the stapes | oval window |
| Bony labyrinth structure containing the utricle and saccule | vestibule |
| Which of the following statements does not correctly describe the spiral organ of Corti? | The tectorial membrane bends with vibrations, whereas the basilar membrane is rigid and fixed. |
| The four structures that compose the conduction system of the heart are the | SA node, AV node, AV bundle, and Purkinje fibers |
| Not a formed element in the blood: -RBC -WBC -plasma -platelet | plasma |
| Heart covering, loose-fitting inextensible sac | pericardium |
| Pacemaker of the Heart | SA node |
| In____, blood moves from the veins to the other veins or arteries without passing through and intervening capillary network | Vascular anastomoses |
| All of the following are granulocytes except: neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, basophils | lymphocytes |
| The normal ECG is composed of all of the following except a: -P wave -QRS complex -T wave -E wave | E wave |
| A glycoprotein hormone that is secreted to increase oxygen concentration in the tissues is | erythroprotein |
| Which layer of the larger blood vessels is made up of endothelium? | tunica intima |
| types of arteries are also called conducting arteries and include the aorta | elastic arteries |
| Decease in amount of WBC | leukopenia |
| Bulk of the heart wall is the thick, contractile middle layer called | myocardium |
| Blood flow from the heart through blood vessels to all parts of the body and back is referred to as _____ circulation | systemic |
| Heart valves that are located where the trunk of the pulmonary artery joins the ventricle and where the aorta joins the left ventricle are called | semilunar valves |
| outermost layer of larger blood vessels is the tunica | adventitia |
| Which mature cell has no nucleus, mitochondria, or ribosomes? | Erythrocyte |
| From which vessels do myocardial cells receive blood? | coronary arteries |
| The free edges of the atrioventricular valves are anchored to the | papillary muscles |
| Structural components of circulatory system include | heart and blood vessels |
| Type of membranous tissue that lines heart and blood vessels | endothelium |
| normal cardiac impulse that initiates mechanical contraction of the heart arises in the | SA node |
| Mechanical devices that permit flow of blood in one direction only are called | valves |
| The ____ is (are) supplied with blood from the left subclavian artery | head and upper extremities |
| The ____ drains much of the superficial leg and foot | great saphenous vein |
| Infection in the thumb may result in enlargement of the ____ nodes | superficial cubital |
| Lymph nodes located just above the bend of the elbow are called the _____ lymph nodes | supratrochlear |
| Antibodies are proteins of the family called | immunoglobulins |
| Hassall corpuscles are part of the | thymus |
| The size of the lymph nodes varies from ____ mm to more than _____ mm in diameter | 1:20 |
| About half of the lymph flowing through the thoracic duct comes from the | liver and small intestine |
| The cisterna chyli: | originates in the thoracic duct |
| The type of immune mechanism that provides a general defense by acting against anything recognized as “not self” is called: | nonspecific immunity |
| Lacteals: | are the lymphatics in the villi of the small intestines, are able to absorb fat from the digestive system. |
| Adaptive immunity, part of the body’s third line of defense, is orchestrated by two different classes of a type of white blood cell called the | lymphocyte |
| Lymph ducts empty into the circulatory system, draining into the: | subclavian veins |
| The main difference between the composition of lymph and interstitial fluid and the composition of plasma is the _____ percentage of _____ in lymph and interstitial fluid. | lower; proteins |
| Lymphatics resemble veins except that lymphatics: | have thinner walls. contain more valves. contain lymph nodes located at certain intervals along their course |
| Each cortical nodule is composed of packed lymphocytes that surround a less dense area called a | germinal center |
| The internal environment of the human body is protected by the _____, which is(are) referred to as the first line of defense. | skin |
| Interferon inhibits the spread of: | viruses & cancer |
| The lymphatic system, like the circulatory system, is a closed circuit. | FALSE |
| During their residence in the thymus, pre-T cells develop into _____, cells that proliferate as rapidly as any in the body. | thymocytes |
| Blood cell produced by lymph nodes | monocyte |
| Lymph nodes located in the groind | inguinal lymph nodes |
| Primary organ of lymphatic system | thymus |
| Substance can destroy pathogens by lowering th pH to a level at which they cannot function | hydrochloric acid |
| Because T cells attack pathogens more directly, T-cell immune mechanisms are classified as _____ immunity. | cell-mediated |
| Spleen located in the _____ region | left hypochondriac |
| Cribriform plate | separates nasal and cranial cavities |
| Anatomically, how does the right bronchus differ from the left bronchus, and what effect might this have on the aspiration of objects? | The right bronchus is slightly larger and more vertical than the left. This anatomical fact helps explain why aspirated foreign objects frequently lodge in the right bronchus. |
| Which of the following is not an accessory structure of the respiratory system? Oral cavity Trachea Rib cage Diaphragm | trachea |
| The anatomical division of the pharynx that is located behind the mouth from the soft palate above to the level of the hyoid bone below is called the: | oropharynx |
| The structures that deflect air as it passes through the nose are called: | conchae |
| Which of the following is not lined with a ciliated mucous membrane? Vestibule Posterior nares Trachea Primary bronchi | Vestibule |
| The structure in the neck known as the “Adam’s apple” is the: | thyroid cartilage |
| Paranasal sinuses are normally filled with: | air |
| In the right lung, the superior and middle lobes are separated by the: | horizontal fissure |
| All of the following are true regarding the structure of Surfactant except: surface-active complex of phospholipids & proteins produced in main stem bronchus keeps the lung inflated at the end of respiration formed by type II alveolar cells | produced in main stem bronchus |
| Which of the following lists the correct sequence of air as it passes through the nose into the pharynx? | Anterior nares vestibule inferior, middle, and superior meatus posterior nares |
| The lower border of the cavity of the larynx is formed by the: | cricoid cartilage |
| Total number of lobes in both lungs | 5 |
| The respiratory portion of the nasal passage is lined with a mucous membrane made up of _____ epithelium. | pseudostratified columnar |
| Which of the following is true of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx? | They serve in voice production |
| Olfactory epithelium is found: | covering the superior turbinate. |
| The fauces, one of the seven openings found in the pharynx, opens into the: | oropharynx |
| The approximate length of the trachea, or windpipe, is _____ cm. | 11 |
| The largest of the paranasal sinuses is the: | maxillary |
| The eustachian tube connects the middle ear with the: | nasopharynx |
Created by:
Blancaa1774