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Bio HW Chapter 11
HW answers Ch 11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Eukaryotes that reproduce through ________ reproduction require two cells to contribute genetic material for the production of the next generation. | Sexual |
| When two gametes (a sperm and an egg) unite, they produce a single cell called a(n) | Zygote |
| An organism is diploid when its cells carry which of the following? | Two sets of chromosomes |
| What type of division (meiosis or mitosis) does the diploid zygote of an animal have to go through (usually many times) in order to give rise to all of the cells in the adult body? | Mitosis |
| How many rounds of cell division are required for meiosis? | 2 |
| Typically, how many cells contribute genetic material during sexual reproduction? | 2 |
| During meiosis, homologous chromosomes become closely associated in the process of pairing, or | Synapsis |
| When two gametes fuse, they produce a single cell with twice the chromosomes of each gamete. This new cell is called a(n) Blank______. | Zygote |
| In meiosis, when does DNA replication occur? | Before meiosis I only |
| Gametes are haploid which means that they contain how many sets of chromosomes? | 1 |
| In ____________ I of meiosis, the replicated chromosomes condense, the homologous chromosomes form bivalents, and crossing over occurs. | Prophase |
| Which process is responsible for the production of the adult body of an animal from a zygote? | Mitosis |
| Correctly order the phases of Meiosis I. | Prophase I Metaphase I Anaphase I Telophase I |
| In sexually reproducing organisms, which type(s) of cell division requires two sequential rounds of division? | Meiosis |
| At the end of anaphase I in meiosis, each pole of the cell contains which of the following? | A haploid set of duplicated chromosomes |
| Synapsis (or pairing) of homologous chromosomes occurs during which process? | Meiosis |
| The sister chromatids found in the daughter nuclei at the end of telophase I are not identical to each other due to which of the following? | crossing over |
| Meiosis has how many rounds of DNA replication? | 1 |
| Some cells can undergo meiosis with _________ segregation, in which meiosis proceeds without recombination | achiasmate |
| During which stage of meiosis do synapsis and crossing over occur? | Prophase I |
| When a cell undergoes meiosis, 4 daughter cells are produced. In terms of the number of chromosomes, each daughter cell contains a ________ nucleus | Haploid |
| Construct the correct sequence of events for meiosis I, starting at the top (Part 1) | 1. Chromosomes condense, forming of spindle apparatus begins, homologous chromosomes pair and crossing over occurs. 2. Paired homologues align at the equator, microtubules attach to kinetochores of sister chromatids. |
| Construct the correct sequence of events for meiosis I, starting at the top (Part 2) | 3. Microtubules shorten, chiasmata are broken, homologous chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles. 4. Separated homologues cluster at each pole. 5. Nuclear envelope re-forms around each daughter nucleus. |
| When chromosomes do not segregate properly during meiosis, this is referred to as ______. | nondisjunction |
| During anaphase I of meiosis I, which of the following describes the homologues? | They are segregated. |
| Which of the following is a distinctive feature of meiosis? | Meiosis includes a cell division that is not preceded by DNA duplication. |
| At which stage of meiosis I have the chromosomes reached their respective poles, where they begin to decondense. | Telophase |
| Which of the following is a meiosis-specific cohesin protein in yeast? | Rec8 |
| When meiosis occurs without recombination, which of the following has occurred | Achiasmate segregation |
| Sister chromatid cohesion is maintained during which process? | Meiosis I |
| After meiosis is complete which of the following are produced? | Four daughter cells that are haploid |
| During meiosis I the sister kinetochores are attached to ______. | the same pole |
| The term _________ refers to an event in which the chromosomes do not segregate properly during cell division. | nondisjunction |
| How can the maintenance of low levels of cyclin B between meiosis I and II potentially suppress DNA replication? | By preventing the formation of replication initiation complexes |
| A unique event in meiosis I is ______. | homologous pairing |
| The four daughter cells produced by meiosis are ______. | not genetically identical to each other |
| In yeast, the Rec8 protein replaces the Scc1 protein in the cohesin complex during meiosis. Why is this important? | This allows the sister chromatids to stay together during meiosis I. |
| Which of the following must occur during anaphase I? | Meiosis specific cohesins must be removed from chromosome arms, but not from sister centromeres. |
| Match the type of sister kinetochore attachment to the appropriate type of alignment of chromosomes. | mitotic ---------- bipolar meiotic ------------ monopolar |
| According to one hypothesis, DNA replication is suppressed between meiosis I and II by which of the following? | Cyclin B |
| Which type(s) of cellular division produce(s) cells that are not genetically identical to the mother cell? | Meiosis |
| Sister chromatid cohesion is maintained during which process? | Meiosis I |
| The ________ of sister chromatids are attached to the same pole during meiosis I and to opposite poles during meiosis II. | kinetochores |
| The four daughter cells produced by meiosis are ______ | not genetically identical to each other |
| Which of the following must occur during anaphase I? | Meiosis specific cohesins must be removed from chromosome arms, but not from sister centromeres. |
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