Question 1

Waxy Cuticle

Accepted Answer

The outermost layer of a leaf 
Characteristics: Very thin; hydrophobic. 
Function:Reduces water loss via transpiration.●
Causes water to bead on the surface of leaves

Question 2

Upper Epidermis

Accepted Answer

The layer of cells located beneath the waxy cuticle and is tightly packed cells and is translucent and can be several layers thick in extreme climate. Its function is to prevent water loss and allow light to pass through the cells below.

Question 3

Palisade Mesophyll

Accepted Answer

The layer of cells beneath the upper epidermis. It is tightly packed colum shapped cells and are full of chloroplasts. its function is to perform photosynthesis.

Question 4

Spongy Mesophyll

Accepted Answer

The layer of cells beneath the palisade mesophyl, containing irregularly shaped cells and contain intercellular spaces. Its function is to allow for gas exchange.

Question 5

Vascular Bundle

Accepted Answer

Structures within the leaf that are made up of xylem, phloem, and bundle sheath cells. Its function is to Transports water and nutrients throughout the leaf.

Question 6

Xylem

Accepted Answer

A vascular tubule within a plant that is unidirectional and transports water upwards from the roots to the rest of the plant

Question 7

Phloem

Accepted Answer

A vascular tubule within a plant that is bidirectional and is function is to transport the products of photosynthesis such as glucose throughout the plant.

Question 8

Bundle Sheath Cells

Accepted Answer

A network of tightly packed cells surrounding the xylem and phloem. In some plants, enable a specialized version of photosynthesis, called C4 photosynthesis, that allows them to survive in arid environments

Question 9

Lower Epidermis

Accepted Answer

A layer of epidermal cells on the lower surface of the lea. Its characteristics are similar to the upper epidermis but containts a stoma

Question 10

Stomata

Accepted Answer

Small openings within the lower epidermis Allow for gas exchange (carbon dioxide in, oxygen out). Can open and close in response to plant signals and environmental conditions to regulate water loss and gas exchange.

Question 11

Guard cells

Accepted Answer

Two cells located on either side of the stoma and contol the opening and closing of the stoma in response to plant hormone signals

Question 12

Tricomes

Accepted Answer

Tiny, hair like structures on the surface of many leaves, they restrict insects from crawling on the leafs surface

Question 13

Photosyntheis

Accepted Answer

The process by which plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen

Question 14

Leaf Adaptations

Accepted Answer

Modifications to leaf structure that improve the plant's chances of survival in a particular environmen

Question 15

Example

Accepted Answer

Cacti have leaves that have evolved into spines to minimize water loss and defend against herbivores known as trims

Question 16

Plant evelution

Accepted Answer

Earliest plants likely evolved from green algae (kingdom Protista) ancestor.

Question 17

Conductive Tissues:

Accepted Answer

Tissues responsible for transporting water, nutrients, and sugars in plants

Question 18

Dermal tissue

Accepted Answer

The outer protective layer of a plant, preventing water loss and protecting against pathogens

Question 19

Vascular tissue

Accepted Answer

Plant tissues (xylem and phloem) that transport water, nutrients, and sugars throughout the plant

Question 20

Ground tissues

Accepted Answer

Tissues responsible for photosyethesis, storage, and super, making up most of the plants body

Question 21

Primary growth

Accepted Answer

The increase in length of the shoot and the root usually found in hzrbastios

Question 22

Secondary Growth

Accepted Answer

Growth in thickness due to lateral meristems or additional tissues usually found in woody plants

Question 23

The three organs of a plant

Accepted Answer

Root: Anchors the plant, absorbs water and minerals
Stem: Supports the plant and transports substances
Leaf: Site of photosynthesis

Question 24

Root hair

Accepted Answer

Tiny extensions of root epidermal cells that increase surface area for water and nutrient absorption

Question 25

Paranchyma

Accepted Answer

Living, flexible plant cells involved in photosynthesis, storage and repair

Question 26

Collenchyma

Accepted Answer

Flexible, elongated cells proving support, especially in herbostatis

Question 27

Sclerenchyma

Accepted Answer

Dead cells with thick, rigid walls that provide structurale support usually in woody plants

Question 28

Endodermis

Accepted Answer

The inner layer of cells in the root regulating water and nutrient flow into the vascular system

Question 29

Root cap

Accepted Answer

Protective structure at the tip of a root that shields the apical meristem during growth

Question 30

Transpiration

Accepted Answer

Loss of water vapor from plant leaves through stomata, driving water movements from roots to leaves

Question 31

Bryophytes

Accepted Answer

Non-vascular plants that lack true roots, stems,and leaves requring water for reproduction

Question 32

Seedless vascular

Accepted Answer

Plants with vascular tissue but no seeds reproducing via spores

Question 33

Gymnosperms

Accepted Answer

Seed producing plants with naked seeds not inclosed

Question 34

Angiosperms

Accepted Answer

Flowering plants with seeds enclosed in fruits,the most diverse and widespread plant group

Term	Definition
Waxy Cuticle	The outermost layer of a leaf Characteristics: Very thin; hydrophobic. Function:Reduces water loss via transpiration.● Causes water to bead on the surface of leaves
Upper Epidermis	The layer of cells located beneath the waxy cuticle and is tightly packed cells and is translucent and can be several layers thick in extreme climate. Its function is to prevent water loss and allow light to pass through the cells below.
Palisade Mesophyll	The layer of cells beneath the upper epidermis. It is tightly packed colum shapped cells and are full of chloroplasts. its function is to perform photosynthesis.
Spongy Mesophyll	The layer of cells beneath the palisade mesophyl, containing irregularly shaped cells and contain intercellular spaces. Its function is to allow for gas exchange.
Vascular Bundle	Structures within the leaf that are made up of xylem, phloem, and bundle sheath cells. Its function is to Transports water and nutrients throughout the leaf.
Xylem	A vascular tubule within a plant that is unidirectional and transports water upwards from the roots to the rest of the plant
Phloem	A vascular tubule within a plant that is bidirectional and is function is to transport the products of photosynthesis such as glucose throughout the plant.
Bundle Sheath Cells	A network of tightly packed cells surrounding the xylem and phloem. In some plants, enable a specialized version of photosynthesis, called C4 photosynthesis, that allows them to survive in arid environments
Lower Epidermis	A layer of epidermal cells on the lower surface of the lea. Its characteristics are similar to the upper epidermis but containts a stoma
Stomata	Small openings within the lower epidermis Allow for gas exchange (carbon dioxide in, oxygen out). Can open and close in response to plant signals and environmental conditions to regulate water loss and gas exchange.
Guard cells	Two cells located on either side of the stoma and contol the opening and closing of the stoma in response to plant hormone signals
Tricomes	Tiny, hair like structures on the surface of many leaves, they restrict insects from crawling on the leafs surface
Photosyntheis	The process by which plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen
Leaf Adaptations	Modifications to leaf structure that improve the plant's chances of survival in a particular environmen
Example	Cacti have leaves that have evolved into spines to minimize water loss and defend against herbivores known as trims
Plant evelution	Earliest plants likely evolved from green algae (kingdom Protista) ancestor.
Conductive Tissues:	Tissues responsible for transporting water, nutrients, and sugars in plants
Dermal tissue	The outer protective layer of a plant, preventing water loss and protecting against pathogens
Vascular tissue	Plant tissues (xylem and phloem) that transport water, nutrients, and sugars throughout the plant
Ground tissues	Tissues responsible for photosyethesis, storage, and super, making up most of the plants body
Primary growth	The increase in length of the shoot and the root usually found in hzrbastios
Secondary Growth	Growth in thickness due to lateral meristems or additional tissues usually found in woody plants
The three organs of a plant	Root: Anchors the plant, absorbs water and minerals Stem: Supports the plant and transports substances Leaf: Site of photosynthesis
Root hair	Tiny extensions of root epidermal cells that increase surface area for water and nutrient absorption
Paranchyma	Living, flexible plant cells involved in photosynthesis, storage and repair
Collenchyma	Flexible, elongated cells proving support, especially in herbostatis
Sclerenchyma	Dead cells with thick, rigid walls that provide structurale support usually in woody plants
Endodermis	The inner layer of cells in the root regulating water and nutrient flow into the vascular system
Root cap	Protective structure at the tip of a root that shields the apical meristem during growth
Transpiration	Loss of water vapor from plant leaves through stomata, driving water movements from roots to leaves
Bryophytes	Non-vascular plants that lack true roots, stems,and leaves requring water for reproduction
Seedless vascular	Plants with vascular tissue but no seeds reproducing via spores
Gymnosperms	Seed producing plants with naked seeds not inclosed
Angiosperms	Flowering plants with seeds enclosed in fruits,the most diverse and widespread plant group

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