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Common Suffixes
Anglo-Saxon Suffixes
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| -ly | 1) adjectives to adverbs--quickly, softly, slowly 2) nouns to adjectives--friendly, lovely, ugly |
| -er | 1) comparison of 2 things--bigger than, faster than 2) a person who--teacher, fighter, winner 3) a thing that--toaster, dryer |
| -ed | 1) regular past tense--played, cooked 2) some adjectives (feelings)--bored, excited |
| -ing | 1) continuous tense--writing, reading 2) some adjectives--boring, exciting |
| -est | superlative adjectives--comparison to everything--the biggest, the fastest |
| -s | 1) regular plural nouns--pens, ducks 2) present tense 3rd person singular--writes, plays |
| -es | 1) plural nouns with nouns that can't only end in -S--boxes, churches 2) present tense 3rd person singular with verbs that can't only end in -S--buzzes, judges, pushes |
| -y | adjectives--lucky, spicy |
| -able | able to/can (adjectives)--washable, respectable, breakable |
| -ful | full of (adjectives or nouns)--hopeful, careful, spoonful, mouthful |
| -less | without (adjectives)--helpless, hopeless, careless |
| -ness | state of (changes adjectives to abstract nouns)--illness, darkness, happiness |
| -hood | condition of being/ a group or state (nouns)--childhood, neighborhood, motherhood |
| -some | characterized by (adjectives)--loathsome, troublesome, adventuresome |
| -ship | condition of being/"connectiong" (concrete noun to abstract noun)--friendship, leadership, harship |
| -ment | result of an action (nouns)--shipment, excitement, disappointment |
| -ish | like or related to/"kind of" (noun to adjective)--greenish, feverish, boyish |
| -en | 1) made of (adjective)--wooden, golden, woolen 2) past participle of some irregular verbs--eaten, given |