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MEDTERM {CBCS-CPC}
The Female Reproductive System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What can affect a woman's ability to ovulate: | stress, diet, and illness |
| How long can the average egg survive after leaving the ovary: | 24 hours |
| Primary sex organs of the male and female: | testes and ovaries |
| Mature female sex cell produced by the ovaries, which then travels to the uterus. | ova (sing., ovum)/egg cells |
| One of two glands that produce ova; one of two female reproductive glands that secrete hormones in the endocrine system. | ovary |
| Male or female sex organ; one of two glands that produce ova. | gonad |
| Release of an ovum (or, rarely, more than one ovum) as part of a monthly cycle that leads to fertilization or menstruation. | ovulation |
| Sex cell; mature female sex cell produced by the ovaries, which then travels to the uterus. | gamete |
| Follicle in the ovary that holds an oocyte during development and then releases it. | graafian follicle |
| Immature ova produced in the gonads. | oocytes |
| One of two tubes through which ova travel from an ovary to the uterus. | uterine tube |
| One of the two tubes that lead from the ovaries to the uterus; uterine tube. | fallopian tube |
| Female reproductive organ; site of implantation after fertilization or release of the lining during menstruation | uterus |
| The lining of the uterus is released during the monthly cycle: | menstruation |
| Genital canal leading from the uterus to the vulva. | vagina |
| An infant delivered surgically through the abdomen: | caesarean delivery |
| Glandular tissue that forms the breasts, which respond to cycles of menstruation and birth. | mammary glands |
| Accessory organ | mammary glands |
| Preteen or early teen period when secondary sex characteristics develop and menstruation begins. | puberty |
| First menstruation. | menarche |
| Cyclical release of uterine lining through the vagina; usually every 28 days. | menses |
| Cyclical release of uterine lining through the vagina; usually every 28 days. | menstruation |
| First menstrual flow usually occurs between what age: | 10-14 years old |
| Time when menstruation ceases; usually between ages 45 and 55. | menopause |
| Hairlike ends of the uterine tubes that sweep the ovum into the uterus. | fimbriae |
| Period of fetal development in the uterus; usually about 40 weeks. | gestation |
| Top portion of the uterus; upper portion of the stomach. | fundus |
| Nutrient-rich organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy; supplies nutrients to the fetus. | placenta |
| Lining of the uterus: | endometrium |
| Middle portion of the uterus: | body |
| Narrow region at the bottom of the uterus opening into the cervix. | isthmus |
| Protective part of the uterus, located at the bottom and protruding through the vaginal wall; contains glands that secrete fluid into the vagina. | cervix |
| The opening of the cervical canal into the vagina: | cervical os |
| Where are cervical cancers more likely to occur: | in the distal third of the cervical canal and os |
| Small transverse vaginal folds: | rugae |
| Fold of mucous membranes covering the vagina of a young female; usually ruptures during first intercourse. | hymen |
| External opening or entrance to a hollow organ, such as a vagina. | introitus |
| External female genitalia. | vulva |
| Mound of soft tissue in the external genitalia covered by pubic hair after puberty. | mons pubis |
| Two folds of skin that form the borders of the vulva. | labia majora |
| Two folds of skin between the labia majora. | labia minora |
| Primary organ of female sexual stimulation, located at the top of the labia minora. | clitoris |
| One of two glands on either side of the vagina that secrete fluid into the vagina. | Bartholin’s gland |
| Space between the labia majora and the anus; area between the penis and the anus. | perineum |
| A surgical procedure commonly done before childbirth to avoid tearing the perineum: | episiotomy |
| Producing milk. | lactiferous |
| Space between the lactiferous ducts and the nipple. | sinuses |
| Projection at the apex of the breast through which milk flows during lactation. | nipple |
| Darkish area surrounding the nipple on a breast. | areola |
| Birth. | parturition |
| mammary papilla | areola |
| The mammary gland experience a let-down reflex, which allows milk to flow through the nipples: | lactation |
| Stimulates development of female sex characteristics and uterine wall thickening: | estrogen |
| Stimulates uterine wall thickening and formation of mammary ducts: | progesterone |
| Promotes lactation: | prolactin |
| Stimulates labor and lactation: | oxytocin |
| Stimulates oocyte maturation; increasing estrogen: | FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) |
| Stimulates estrogen and progesterone from corpus luteum: | HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) |
| Hormone source: Ovarian follicle; corpus luteum | estrogen |
| Hormone source: Corpus luteum | progesterone |
| Hormone source: Pituitary gland | prolactin |
| Hormone source: Pituitary gland | oxytocin |
| Hormone source: Pituitary gland | FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) |
| Hormone source: Placenta, embryo | HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) |
| One of the primary female hormones produced by the ovaries. | estrogen |
| One of the primary female hormones. | progesterone |
| The average female cycle is divided into: | Four phases |
| Hormone necessary for maturation of oocytes and ovulation. | follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) |
| Hormone essential to ovulation. | luteinizing hormone (LH) |
| Structure formed after the graafian follicle fills with a yellow substance that secretes estrogen and progesterone. | corpus luteum |
| Phase One: Days 1-5 | menstruation takes place during the first five days |
| Phase Two: Days 6-12 | FSH is released from the anterior pituitary - an immature ovum is matured in the graafian follicle - the endometrial lining builds back up in the uterus - these repairs are prompted by the production of estrogen - menstruation has stopped. |
| Phase Three: Days 13-14 | Egg is released from graafian follicle-travels down the fallopian tube stimulated by LH-fimbriae swell to aid the ovum toward the fallopian tube- the graafian follicle fills with corpus luteum - the uterus prepares by growing a thick nutritive endometrium |
| Phase Four: Days 15-28 | fertilization occurs or the bulit-up endometrium starts to break down as estrogen and progesterone levels drop-PMS symptoms occur |
| PMS symptoms: | bloating, cramping, nervousness, depression |
| Premenstrual syndrome | PMS |
| Method of controlling conception by blocking access or interrupting reproductive cycles; birth control. | contraception |
| Contraceptive device consisting of a coil placed in the uterus to block implantation of a fertilized ovum. | intrauterine device (IUD) |
| Contraceptive device consisting of a rubber or vinyl sheath placed over the penis or as a lining that covers the vaginal canal. | condom |
| Contraceptive chemical that destroys sperm; usually in cream or jelly form. | spermicide |
| Contraceptive device that covers the cervix and blocks sperm from entering; used in conjunction with spermicide. | diaphragm |
| Polyurethane contraceptive device filled with spermicide and placed in the vagina near the cervix. | sponge |
| Pregnancy is composed of: | three trimesters (40 weeks) |
| This occurs when a female egg and male sperm unite after intercourse: | conception |
| Age span for pregnancy: | 13 and 45 years old |
| Perimenopause occurs between the ages of: | 35 and 50 years old |
| Menopause occurs between the ages of: | 45 and 55 years old |
| Common menopause symptoms: | irregular periods/decreased fertility/hot flashes/sleep disturbances/night sweats/mood swings/increased ab fat/thinning hair/vaginal dryness/loss of breast fullness |
| Sexual intercourse. | coitus |
| Sexual intercourse. | copulation |
| Pregnant woman. | gravida |
| Cord that connects the placenta in the mother’s uterus to the navel of the fetus during gestation for nourishment of the fetus. | umbilical cord |
| Outermost membrane of the sac surrounding the fetus during gestation. | chorion |
| Innermost membrane of the sac surrounding the fetus during gestation. | amnion |
| Fluid surrounding the fetus and held by the amnion. | amniotic fluid |
| Placenta and membranes that are expelled from the uterus after birth. | afterbirth |
| Woman who has given birth to one or more viable infants. | para |
| First pregnancy: | para One (I) |
| Second pregnancy: | para Two (II) |
| Period of hormonal changes just prior to menopause. | climacteric |
| Three- to 5-year period of decreasing estrogen levels prior to menopause. | perimenopause |
| Full-term pregnancy: | 36-40 weeks |
| How large can the uterus expand: | 500 times its normal size |
| This can help speed up the uterus contracting back to normal usually within 4 - 6 weeks after delivery: | breastfeeding |
| Disease of the uterus. | metropathy |
| Surgical incision into the perineum to prevent tearing during childbirth. | episiotomy |
| Inflammation of the breast. | mastitis |
| Vaginal hemorrhage. | colporrhagia |
| Inflammation of the vulva. | vulvitis |
| Surgical repair of a fallopian tube. | salpingoplasty |
| Removal of a sample of amniotic fluid through a needle injected in the amniotic sac. | amniocentesis |
| Surgical repair of the uterus. | uteroplasty |
| Inflammation of an ovary. | oophoritis |
| Relates to milk production. | galactopoiesis |
| Removal of the uterus. | hysterectomy |
| Hernia of an ovary. | ovariocele |
| Production of eggs. | oogenesis |
| Medical specialty that diagnoses and treats disorders of the female reproductive system. | gynecology |
| Inflammation of the cervix. | cervicitis |
| Menstrual discharge. | menorrhea |
| X-ray imaging of the breast as a cancer screening method. | mammography |
| Egg shaped. | ovoid |
| Milk production. | lactogenesis |
| Inflammation of the vagina. | vaginitis |
| Time when menstruation ceases; usually between ages 45 and 55. | menopause |
| Specialist who diagnoses and treats the processes and disorders of the female reproductive system. | gynecologist |
| Physician who specializes in pregnancy and childbirth care. | obstetrician |
| Gathering (scraping) of cells from the cervix and vagina to observe for abnormalities. | (Papanicolaou) Pap smear |
| Examination of the vagina with a colposcope. | colposcopy |
| Examination of the uterus using a hysteroscope. | hysteroscopy |
| Examination of the pelvic cavity using an endoscope. | culdoscopy |
| X-ray imaging of the breast as a cancer screening method. | mammography |
| A cancer screening test for the breasts that can detect tumors before they can be felt: | mammogram |
| A blood or urine test to detect HCG: | pregnancy test |
| X-ray of the uterus and uterine tubes after a contrast medium has been injected. | hysterosalpingography |
| Imaging of the pelvic region using sound waves used both for detection of tumors and examination of the fetus: | pelvic ultrasonography |
| A sound wave image of the pelvic area but done with a probe inserted into the vagina: | transvaginal ultrasound |
| Measurement of the pelvis during pregnancy. | pelvimetry |
| Pap smear test was developed in the 1930s by: | Dr. George Papanicolaou |
| Most common female STI in the US today: | Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)/genital warts |
| Premature ending of a pregnancy. | abortion |
| Spontaneous, premature ending of a pregnancy. | miscarriage |
| Breaking away of the placenta from the uterine wall. | abruptio placentae |
| Birth of a dead fetus: | stillbirth |
| An infant born before 37 weeks: | premature |
| Toxic infection during pregnancy. | preeclampsia |
| Placement of the placenta so it blocks the birth canal. | placenta previa |
| Lack of menstruation. | amenorrhea |
| Painful menstruation. | dysmenorrhea |
| Excessive menstrual bleeding. | menorrhagia |
| Scanty menstrual period. | oligomenorrhea |
| Irregular or excessive bleeding between or during menstruation. | menometrorrhagia |
| Uterine bleeding between menstrual periods. | metrorrhagia |
| Lack of ovulation. | anovulation |
| Irregular ovulation. | oligo-ovulation |
| Abnormal vaginal discharge; usually whitish. | leukorrhea |
| Painful sexual intercourse due to any of various conditions, such as cysts, infection, or dryness in the vagina. | dyspareunia |
| Bending forward, as of the uterus. | anteflexion |
| Bending backward of the uterus. | retroflexion |
| Backward turn of the uterus. | retroversion/tipped uterus |
| Inflammation of the cervix. | cervicitis |
| Inflammation of the breast. | mastitis |
| Inflammation of the fallopian tubes. | salpingitis |
| Inflammation of the vagina. | vaginitis |
| A rare, severe infection that occurs in menstruating women usually associated with tampon use. | toxic shock syndrome |
| A bacterial infection anywhere in the female reproductive system: | pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) |
| Exercises to strengthen perineal muscles. | Kegel exercises |
| A condition where the uterine muscles cause the cervix to protrude into the vaginal opening. | prolapsed uterus |
| Growth on the external genitalia that may be a result of an infection by HPV. | condyloma |
| Develops on or in the ovaries: | ovarian cyst |
| Benign tumor commonly found in the uterus. | fibroid |
| Abnormal condition in which uterine wall tissue is found in the pelvis or on the abdominal wall. | endometriosis |
| Localized malignancy that has not spread. | carcinoma in situ |
| Cancer that occurs in the endometrium: | endometrial cancer |
| Potentially fatal cancer of the ovary: | ovarian cancer |
| Sexually transmitted infection treatable with antibiotics. | syphilis |
| Sexually transmitted inflammation of the genital membranes. | gonorrhea |
| A contagious and recurring infection with lesions on the genitalia. | herpes II |
| Sexually transmitted bacterial infection affecting various parts of the male or female reproductive systems; the bacterial agent itself. | chlamydia |
| Is sometimes associated with cervical cancer: | HPV |
| An infection often in the vaginal tract: | Trichomoniasis |
| A serious STI that eventually affects the brain and causes insanity before death. | syphilis |
| A mental health condition that most women experience after giving birth | postpartum depression |
| Removal of a sample of amniotic fluid through a needle injected in the amniotic sac. | amniocentesis |
| Taking of a fluid sample from the base of the pelvic cavity to see if an ectopic pregnancy has ruptured. | culdocentesis |
| Premature pregnancy termination: | abortion |
| Open and scrape the lining of the uterus: | dilation and curettage (D&C) |
| Use of a lighted tubular instrument inserted through a woman’s navel to perform a tubal ligation or to examine the fallopian tubes. | laparoscopy |
| A method of female sterilization by blocking the fallopian tubes by cutting or tying and thereby blocking the passage of the ova. | tubal ligation |
| Surgery that removes tissue by freezing it with liquid nitrogen; removal or destruction of tissue using cold temperatures. | cryosurgery |
| Removal or destruction of tissue using chemicals or devices such as laser-guided equipment. | cauterization |
| The removal of precancerous tissue from around the cervix with a wirelike instrument. | loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) |
| Removal of a cone-shaped section of the cervix for examination. | conization |
| Biopsy in which fluid is withdrawn through a needle by suction. | aspiration |
| Removal of the uterus. | hysterectomy |
| Removal of the uterus through the abdomen: | abdominal hysterectomy |
| Removal of the uterus through the vagina: | vaginal hysterectomy |
| Removal of fibroids from the uterus. | myomectomy |
| Removal of an ovary. | oophorectomy |
| Removal of a fallopian tube. | salpingectomy |
| Incision into the fallopian tubes. | salpingotomy |
| Removal of a breast tumor. | lumpectomy |
| Removal of a breast. | mastectomy |
| The removal of an ovarian cyst: | ovarian cystectomy |
| The removal of one ovary and one fallopian tube: | salpingo-oophorectomy |
| The removal of both ovaries and both fallopian tubes: | bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy |
| The removal of the breast, underlying muscles, and lymph nodes: | radical mastectomy |
| The removal of the breast an lymph nodes: | modified radical mastectomy |
| Plastic surgery to reconstruct the breast, particularly after a mastectomy. | mammoplasty |
| Surgical procedure to attach sagging breasts in a more normal position. | mastopexy |
| Reduction of the size of the breast: | reduction mammoplasty |
| Surgical insertion of implants: | augmentation mammoplasty |
| Affects more women than cancer or AIDS: | endometriosis |
| The most common cancer of female reproductive organs: | endometrial cancer |
| Medication that controls the flow of hormones to block ovulation. | birth control pills or implants |
| Medication to prevent implantation of an ovum. | morning-after pill |
| Treatment with hormones when the body stops or decreases the production of hormones by itself | hormone replacement therapy (HRT) |
| Ingestion of hormones to replace missing (or increase low levels of needed) hormones. | hormone replacement therapy (HRT) |
| Hormone given to induce labor. | oxytocin |
| Agent given to stop labor. | tocolytic |
| Organs responsible for producing gametes: | ovaries and gonads |
| The uterus is made up of 3 layers: | perimetrium/myometrium/endometrium |
| Inner mucous layer of the uterus. | Inner mucous layer of the uterus. |
| Middle layer of muscle tissue of the uterus. | myometrium |
| Outer layer of the uterus. | perimetrium |
| Space between the labia majora and the anus; area between the penis and the anus. | perineum |
| Hormones that stimulate female secondary sex characteristics: | estrogen and progesterone |
| During a routine gyno exam, the vagina is held open by a: | speculum |
| The central organ of the female reproductive system | uterus |
| Two primary components of the Uterus | Cervix Uteri & Corpus Uteri |
| The neck of the Uterus | Cervix Uteri |
| The lower portion of the Uterus tapering to connect to the Vagina | Cervix Uteri |
| Refers to the anterior and posterior recesses of the upper vagina surrounding the vaginal attachment to the cervix | Fornix (Fornices) |
| The opening in the cervix that communicates with the vagina | OS (External OS) |
| This communicates with the corpus of the uterus | Internal OS |
| The body, or fundus of the uterus | Corpus Uteri |
| Where the fetus develops during pregnancy | Corpus Uteri |
| Fallopian tube location | one on either side of the uterus, lead from bilateral ovaries into the uterus |
| Alternate names for Fallopian tubes | Oviducts, Uterine tubes, Tubes, & Salpinges |
| The distal ends of the Fallopian tubes | Infundibulum |
| Located near the ovaries, these help capture the ovum (egg) at ovulation as they make their way into the tubes and to the uterus | Fimbriae (or fingers) |
| Egg-producing reproductive organs | Ovaries |
| Produce hormones related to the female reproductive cycles | Ovaries |
| Are apart of both the Endocrine and Female reproductive systems | Ovaries |
| Together the Fallopian tubes, ovaries, and ligaments form this | Uterine Adnexa |
| Definition: Appendages or adjunct parts | Adnexa |
| A tubular, muscular canal leading from the uterus to outside the body | Vagina |
| Opens to the vulva and perineum | Distal Vagina |
| Pain during intercourse | Dyspareunia |
| A congenital partition (longitudinal or transverse) creating a double vagina | Vaginal septum |
| The external genital organ of the female | Vulva |
| Structures of the Vulva: | 1. Labia Majora & Minora | 2. Mons Pubis | 3. Clitoris | 4. Bulb of Vestibule | 5. Vaginal orifice (vestibule) or Introitus of the Vagina |
| The location of the Hymen | Vestibule or Introitus of the Vagina |
| A fold of mucous membrane surrounding or partially covering the external vaginal opening | the Hymen |
| Alternatively known as the "Greater Vestibular Glands" | Bartholin's Glands |
| Located slightly inferior and to either side of the Vaginal Introitus | Bartholin's Glands |
| Alternatively known as the "Lesser Vestibular Glands" | Skene's Glands |
| Located on the anterior wall of the vagina around the lower end of the urethra | Skene's Glands |
| The area between the pubic symphysis and the coccyx | Perineum |
| Vulv/o | Vulva |
| Colp/o | Vagina |
| Cervic/o | Cervix |
| Uter/o | Uterus |
| Hyster/o | Uterus |
| Metr/io | Uterus |
| Metr/o | Uterus |
| Salping/o | Fallopian tubes |
| Oophor/o | Ovary |
| Gonad/o | Sex glands (ovaries for female, testes for male) |
| Internal radiation therapy placing radioactive seeds, wires, or pellets directly into or near a tumor or cancerous tissue | Brachytherapy |
| A medical procedure used in brachytherapy to treat certain types of cancer, particularly in the uterus | Heyman Capsule |
| Another name for Skene's glands | Para-Urethral Ducts |
| Obliteration or eradication; NOT excision | Destruction |
| The surgical removal of a portion of the vulva | Vulvectomy |
| Skin and superficial subcutaneous tissue | Simple (extent) |
| Skin and deep subcutaneous tissue | Radical (extent) |
| Less than 80% | Partial (size) |
| Greater than 80% | Complete (size) |
| Surgical reduction of a clitoris that has become enlarged due to an adrenal gland imbalance | Clitoroplasty |
| Plastic repair of the perineum, usually to provide additional support to the perineal area | Perineoplasty |
| Cutting into the vagina to gain access to the pelvic cavity or drain a pelvic abscess | Colpotomy |
| Insertion of a long needle attached to a syringe through back wall of the vagina to gain access to the peritoneal cul-de-sac & drain fluid | Colpocentesis |
| These codes are divided according to the extent of the procedure (partial or total) and the extent to which tissue & adjacent structure(s) are removed | Vaginectomy codes |
| Are used for vaginal prolapse | Pessaries |
| Small metal cylinders that are placed into the vagina and positioned against the cervix to treat cervical cancer | Vaginal Ovoids |
| A procedure that pulls together weakened vaginal area with sutures; excess tissue can be removed to tighten the area | Colporrhaphy |
| Internal implants that contain a radioactive substance and are often used in the treatment of cervical cancer | Tandems / Vaginal Ovoids |
| A cone of tissue removed from the cervix for a biopsy or treatment of a lesion by means of excision of the lesion | Conization |
Created by:
VA_MedCod3r