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chapter 4 quiz
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The latent period in radiation biology is the time | exposure to x-radiation and clinical symptoms |
| A free radical: | all of the above |
| Direct radiation injury occurs when: | . x-ray photons hit critical targets within a cell |
| Indirect radiation injury occurs when: | x-ray photons pass through the cell |
| Which relationship describes the response of tissues to radiation? | linear, nonthreshold |
| Which factor(s) contributes to radiation injury? | Total dose, dose rate, cell sensitivity, and age all contribute to the extent of radiation injury |
| Which statement is correct? | . Long-term effects are seen with small amounts of radiation absorbed in a long period. |
| Radiation injuries that are not seen in the person irradiated but that occur in future generations are termed: | genetic effects |
| Which is most susceptible to ionizing radiation? | small lymphocyte (a type of white blood cell) are the most sensitive to ionizing radiation because they are rapidly dividing cells. |
| The sensitivity of tissues to radiation is determined by: | The sensitivity of tissues to radiation is influenced by mitotic activity (how frequently the cells divide), cell differentiation (how specialized the cells are), and cell metabolism (how active the cells are). |
| Which is considered radioresistant? | mature bone cells |
| An organ that, if damaged, diminishes the quality of an individual’s life is termed: | critical |
| The traditional unit for measuring x-ray exposure in air is termed: | The roentgen (R) is the traditional unit used to measure x-ray exposure in the air. |
| Which radiation unit is determined by the quality factor (QF)? | rem (roentgen equivalent man) |
| The unit for measuring the absorption of x-rays is termed: | The rad (radiation absorbed dose) measures the amount of radiation absorbed by tissue. |
| Which conversion is correct? | . 1 R = 2.58 × 10^-4 C/kg |
| Which traditional unit does not have an SI equivalent? | The roentgen is a traditional unit that does not have a direct SI equivalent; it measures the exposure of x-rays or gamma rays in air. |
| Which is used only for x-rays? | The roentgen is specifically used to measure x-ray and gamma ray exposure in the air. |
| Which conversion is correct? 1 R = 2.58 × 10^-4 C/kg 1 Gy = 100 rad 1 Sv = 100 rem 1 rem = rad × QF | all of them |
| What is the approximate average dose of back- ground radiation received by an individual in the United States? | 100 mrem/1.0 mSv |
| What is the greatest contributor to artificial radiation exposure? | medical radiation |
| The amount of radiation exposure an individual receives varies depending on: | Radiation exposure can vary depending on the type of receptor used (e.g., film vs. digital), the collimation (which affects beam size), and the technique (e.g., exposure time, settings). |
| A single intraoral image using a digital sensor results in an effective exposure dose of: | A single intraoral image using a digital sensor typically results in an effective dose of about 0.002 millisieverts (mSv). |
| What is the dose at which leukemia induction is most likely to occur? | Leukemia induction is most likely to occur at higher radiation doses, typically around 5000 mrad (0.05 Gy). |
| true or false? X-radiation is not harmful to living tissues. | statement is incorrect |
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