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CPT
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What impacts can exercise have on cholesterol levels in the body? | It can reduce LDL cholesterol and increase HDL cholesterol |
| What section of the NASM code of professional conduct requires that client records are disposed of in a secure manner | Confidentiality |
| Which type of support describes the actions that a person takes to help another person engage in exercise | Instrumental support |
| What are the two categories of bone markings | Depressions and processes |
| What is the RDA for protein | .8g/kg |
| Which joint is the most mobile, able to move in all three directions | Ball and socket joint |
| The anterior oblique subsystem includes what muscle groups | Adductor thigh muscles, obliques, and hip external rotators |
| T/F Anti-inflammatory properties is a potential benefit of omega 3 fatty acids | T |
| Abnormal breathing may be associated with which effect | Shallow rapid breaths with use of the sternocleidomastoid |
| What is an effect of the cardiovascular system during exercise | Increased ventricular filling |
| Term that describes the nervous systems role in the contract/relax relationship between agonists and antagonists | Reciprocal inhibition |
| Becoming fatigued at mile 7/10 is most likely caused by what | Glycogen stores were exhausted |
| Overactive hip flexors may lead to what postural compensation | Anterior tilting of the pelvis and an increased low-back arch |
| What vitamin group plays a key role in energy metabolism | B vitamins |
| Which type of joint includes the sutures of the skill | Nonsynovial |
| Before amino acids can be used to make ATP, what process do they have to go through | Gluconeogensis |
| What structure in the heart transfers the electrical signal from the sinoatrial node to the atrioventricular node | Intermodal pathway |
| What are the three micronutrients | Vitamins , minerals, phytonutrients |
| What do you visualize to detect the movement impairment shoulder elevation | The shoulders moving upward towards the ears |
| Which postural distortion is characterized by flat feet, knee values, and addicted and internally rotated hips | Pes planus distortion syndrome |
| What defines the chest skinfold location for men | Diagonal fold taken half the distance between the anterior axillary line and the nipple |
| What principle is hydrostatic underwater weighing based upon | Archimedes principle |
| Which muscles would be considered overactive leading to shoulder elevation during the pulling assessment | Upper trapezius and elevator scapula |
| Which muscle would be considered overactive, leading to shoulder elevation during the pushing assessment | Upper trapezius |
| What step cadence is used during the YMCA 3 minute step test | 96 steps per minute |
| What weekly progression rate in exercise volume is the maximum recommended for cardio respiratory training | 10% per week |
| What range of sets is most appropriate for SAQ drills for clients seeking weight loss | 3/4 sets |
| When properly activated, which muscles of the core creates tension in the thoracolumbar fascia | Transverse abdonminis |
| Contraction of the hamstring and recuts abdominus muscles create what motion of the pelvis in the sagittal plane | Posterior pelvic tilt |
| SAQ training among seniors may help prevent what condition | Osteopenia |
| What key term best describes an overactive hip flexor complex decreasing neural drive to the hip extensor complex | Altered reciprocal inhibition |
| Which hip muscle helps maintain a level pelvis in the frontal plane | Gluteus medius |
| If a muscle is stretched too quickly, the muscle responds with an immediate contraction to stop the stretch. What is this called | Stretch reflex |
| What is the primary action of the multifidus | Stabilize and extend the spine |
| Which term describes the act of lightly pushing on a clients shoulders when they are balancing on one foot so they can learn to maintain or recover balance | Perturbation |
| What is the recommended rest for advances clients between SAQ reps | 0-90 seconds |
| What marks of exercise intensity is considered to be the most subjective | Ratings sand perceived exertion |
| which muscle would you be targeting for SMR if you places the roller along the front and slightly lateral outside part of the upper thigh | Tensor fascia latae |
| What variable of plyometric training is determined by the clients fitness level, current training program, training history, injury history, and training goals | Training frequency |
| What is the corresponding heart rate for an intensity scored as 14 on the original borg 6 to 20 scale of exertion | 140 beats per minute |
| Which of the following global muscles primary action is hip flexion | Illiopsoas |
| What is the best type of plyometric exercise for a beginner client | Small jumps |
| When performing a dumbbell bicep curl, the biceps brachii is considered the agonist (prime mover), and the triceps become the inhibited antagonist. What is this phenomenon called? | Reciprocal inhibition |
| What percentage of Americans older than 20 are either overweight or obese | .72 |
| What is the normal physiologic process of aging that results in arteries that are less elastic and pliable | Ateriosclerosis |
| What type of diabetes occurs when specialized cells in the pancreas stop producing insulin | Type 1 |
| Kettlebells were first used in which setting | As a unit of measurement on market and farming scales |
| Training power for 2 days before moving on to 2 days of strength training would be an example of what kind of periodization | Undulating periodization |
| During a hip hinge, what movements are occurring | Flexion and extension |
| Hypertension is categorized by blood pressure greater than what measurement | 120/80 |
| What is a client-centric coaching style that helps enhance their desire to change by resolving ambivalence | Motivational interviewing |
| Without a perceived discrepancy between a clients current state and making change, what is lacking | Motivation |
| Which subtopic of psychology deals with how the environment affect exercise behavior | Sport and exercise psychology |
| What is the range of protein for most exercising individuals | 1.4 to 2.0 g/kg |
| What is the process called that prepares fatty acid substrates to enter the citric acid cycle | Beta-oxidation |
| What effects may be experienced with overtraining | High levels of cortisol, which lead to a catabolic environment |
| During normal walking, the pelvis rotates in what place to facilitate the necessary momentum for the swing phase | Tranverse |
| What are the two divisions of the skeletal system | Axial and appendicular |
| What are the fat-soluble vitamins | A, D, E, K |
| During short high intensity exercise what is the primary fuel source for the body | Carbohydrates |
| What are triglycerides | The stored form of fat |
| What measurement is dependent upon the length of the lever arm and the angle between the force application and the lever arm | Torque |
| What type of foods contain carbs | Plants and dairy |
| If someone were performing repeated sprints with each sprint lasting between 30-90 seconds which energy system would be contributing the most to ATP production during this activity | Glycolysis |
| Which heart chamber receives oxygen blood and pumps it to the body | Left ventricle |
| What test is designed to test reaction capabilities, acceleration, and maximal sprinting speed | 40 yard dash |
| Waist to hip ratio places one in the high risk category for cardiovascular disease | WHR of .88 |
| How is heart rate collected during the YMCA 3 minute step test to evaluate the cardiorespiratory fitness level of an individual | It is measured over a 60 second count immediately following the test |
| 110/70 which is the diastolic pressure and which is systolic pressure | D: 70 S:110 |
| What are the three levels of the OPT model | Stabilization, strength, and power |
| What translates intentions into behavior | Planning |
| A new client has indicated that they are exercising due to advice from their physician, but they are generally amotivated. What would be the best choice for the personal trainer in their initial meeting | inquire further about what their motives are for participating |
| Coordinating group events that are centered around physical activities demonstrates which type of support | Companionship |
| If pryuvate is being created via glycolysis faster than oxygen can be delivered to the muscle, what will happen to the pyruvate | The pyruvate will be converted to lactate |
| What mechanism is responsible for increasing the rate of heart condition | Activation of the sympathetic nervous system |
| What are the two interdependent divisions of the nervous system | Peripheral and central |
| What are the three categories within the lipid family | Triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols |
| What is the correct order of fascia, starting with the most superficial | Epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium |
| What are the three types of muscles in the body | Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth |
| Calcium is often associated with bone health, but why is it also important for muscular function | It stimulates actin and myosin activity |
| When glucose is broken down via glycolysis, what molecule is created that could also be oxidized under aerobic conditions | Pyruvate |
| Which joints are most associated with human movement | Synovial |
| What muscle groups work both eccentrically and concentrically in the sagittal plane during a squat | Quadriceps |
| What is the difference between the end-diastolic and end systolic volume | Stroke volume |
| Which of the following examples describes a muscle that is functioning as an antagonist? The biceps brachii being active during elbow extension The transversus abdominus being active during hip extension | The biceps brachial being active during elbow extension |
| What describes the building blocks of proteins | Essential and nonessential amino acids |
| What movement term is used to describe the concept of adducting the shoulder blades so that they become closer together | Scapular retraction |
| What is the bone type of the clavicle, radius, and ulna | Long |
| What describes the premise that increased ventricular filling improves contractile force of the heart as a result of greater stretch of cardiac fibers | Frank Starling Law of the Heart |
| What is knee varus | Knees bowing outward |
| Where is it the most common to take an individuals circumference measurement to asses health risk | Waist |
| How is lower crossed syndrome characterized | Anterior pelvic tilt, and excessive lordosis of the lumbar spine |
| How many skinfold sites are measured when determining body composition using Durnin-Womersley protocol | Four |
| How can systolic blood pressure be defined | The pressure in arteries and other blood vessels when the heart is contracting, the first top number recorded |
| What test is used to measure lateral speed and agility | Lower extremity functional test |
| What exercise is typically used to measure muscular endurance of upper extremities during a pushing movement | Push up test |
| What test provides the most personalized assessment of true metabolic function | VT1 |
| During cable rotation exercise, which position of the hip will help to decrease stress to the low back | Hip extension |
| What are the three movements performed during the ball combo ll exercise | Row, shoulder external rotation, and shoulder press |
| What are two contraindications for self myosfascial techniques | Cancer and bleeding disorders |
| What is the primary function of the local muscles of the core | Stabilize vertebral segments |
| What is the primary adaptation for the muscular development phase of the OTP model | Hypertrophy |
| What are the three levels of the OTP model | Stabilization, strength, power |
| Core stability is best described as what | The ability to resist external resistance in the lumbar spine while the extremities are actively moving |
| Extension of the shoulder is common in many pulling movements. Which of the following muscles is involved? 1)anterior deltoid 2)glute max 3) latissimus dorsi 4)pectoral is major | 3 |
| hypertensive client is taking a beta-blocker medication. What is the most appropriate method to monitor exercise intensity? | Talk test |
| What phase of the OTP model would hypertrophy fall under | 3 |
| What is one characteristic of linear periodization | Increasing intensity while decreasing volume |
| Process in which neural impulses that sense tension are greater than the impulses that cause muscles to contract, providing an inhibitory effect to the muscle spindles? | Auto genie inhibition |
| Recommended number of SAQ sessions per week for weight loss clients | 1 or 2 |
| Which scheme would be the most ideal to achieve stabilization and muscular endurance adaptations? 5 sets, 5 repetitions, 85% 1RM b. 2 sets, 20 repetitions, 50% 1RM c. 3 sets, 10 repetitions, 77% 1RM | 2 sets, 20 reps, 50% 1RM |
| Recommended cardio respiratory warm up portion | 5-10 minutes |
| Which regions of the spine demonstrate kyphotic curves | Thoracic and sacral |
| What are the three stages of the general adaptation syndrome | Alarm reaction, resistance development, and exhaustion |
| What training would this fall under The total duration of the workout is 4 minutes long and performed at 170% of VO2max | Tabata training |
| What is osteopenia | Loss of bone density related to the aging process |
| Which muscle group is a prime mover for squatting motion | Quad |
| Which of the following options would be the correct superset for back exercises during Phase 2 of the OPT model? 1) Seated cable row -> stability ball dumbbell row 2)Seated cable row -> lat pulldown 3) Stability ball dumbbell rows -> bench press | 1 |
| What muscles does the tubing (shoulder) internal rotation exercise primarily target | Subscapularis |
| Which anatomical position of muscle groups would be enhanced by using pulling motions | Posterior |
| What concept allows a person to jump higher during plyometric exercises | Eccentric loading |
| Speed is the product of what two variables | Stride rate and stride length |
| How much rest should be given between each repetition of an SAQ exercise for young athletes | 15-60 seconds |
| What best defined the concept of relative flexibility | Altered movement patterns |
| What is the peripheral heart action system | Variation of circuit training that alternates upper body and lower body exercises throughout the circuit |
| What is the recommendation of minutes per week for cardio respiratory training if participating in vigorous intensity exercise | 75 minutes per week |
| What is the primary function of the local muscles of the core | Stabilize vertebral segments |
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