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List the reform efforts that led to the progressive movement.
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What were the four main goals of Progressivism?
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Social Studies 14
Module 14 Progressivism
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| List the reform efforts that led to the progressive movement. | Political reformers struggled to make government more responsive to the people. Journalists and writers exposed the unsafe conditions faced by workers. Intellectuals questioned the dominate role of larger corporations. |
| What were the four main goals of Progressivism? | protecting social welfare, creating economic reform, promoting moral improvements, fostering efficiency |
| goals of economic reform | Some Americans embraced socialism. Business could use it's economic power to limit competition. |
| goals of promoting moral improvement | Womens Christian Temperence Union. Prohibition. Members advanced by saloons, signings, praying and urging to stop selling alcohol. They used public roles to justify giving women rights. |
| goals of fostering efficiency | Henry Ford made cars more affordable for the public with mass production on the assembly line. Muckrakers |
| goals of protecting social welfare | Florence Kelley, Young Men's Christian Association, improving lives of women and children, reformers worked to soften some harsh conditions of industrialization, settlement houses |
| define temerance | the refraining from alcohol consumption |
| Prohibition was a moral improvement program. What was prohibition? | the banning of alcoholic beverages |
| The Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) reform activities provided women with expanded public roles, which they used to justify ___ | giving women voting rights |
| What were Muckrakers | a nickname for journalists who wrote about the corrupt side of business and public life in mass circulation magazines in the early 20th century. |
| What are some topics the Muckracker journalists exposed? | unsafe working conditions, such as child labor, unsafe products, and political corruption |
| What are two ways public education changed in the late 1800s? | Strict rules and physical punishments were created. Laws passed requiring 12 -16 weeks yearly of school attendance by students between ages 8-14. Expanding of classes and specific trainings. |
| How did educational experiences differ for white and black American children? | 1. They had to attend private schools. 2. White children were encouraged to go to school, while black children were mostly excluded from public secondary schools. |
| By the end of the 20th century millions received the education they needed but American Americans were shut out of public schools and colleges. What was this? | racial discrimination was still around |
| Summarize the political problems and corruption cities faced in the industrial age. | Political bosses rewarded supporters with jobs and kickbacks and the also bought votes for favors and bribes. |
| name some successes of the movement to reform local government. | exports (not those hired by corrupt politicians) took charge of a different city department and soon Galveston was rebuilt. |
| name some successes of the state reform of big business | Robert developed a program to recruit the help. He set up a commission to regulate rates and forbade railroads to issue free passes. |
| name some successes of the reform of protecting children | many reformers ultimately succeeded in convincing nearly every state to enact legislation that banned child labor and set maximum hours. |
| name some successes of the reform for workers' compensation | Progressives succeeded in winning workers' compensation to aid families of workers who were hurt or killed on the job. |
| name come successes of the movement for election reforms | The initiative and referendum gave citizens power to create laws. By the next election in 1812, all states had adopted a secret ballot to help stop voter corruption |
| What is the 17th amendment? | a law for the direct election of senators |
| What was the impact of the 17th amendment (direct election of senators)? | senators were forced to be more responsive to the public, limited the power of the state political machines, and more states started allowing votes to nominate senatorial candidates. |
| What is one important impact of all of the reforms and efforts of the Progressive Era? | Allows people to vote and have a voice in their elections. It focused on women suffrage and women rights. Efforts to give Americans more of a voice in electing their legislators and creating laws. |
| Why did southern states start adopting systems of racial discrimination? | they wanted to weaken African American political power |
| What nickname did blacks give this post-Reconstruction period, and what does it mean? | the nickname was Nadir. Nadir means the worst of lowest point in and experience. |
| Name two ways southern states restricted the voting rights of African Americans in the post-Reconstructive era. | they were asked harder questions on the voting reading test and they were often too poor to pay the poll tax in order to be able to vote. They had limited votes and did not fall under the grandfather clause which helped other voters with poll taxes. |
| What were Jim Crow laws? | laws to enforce racial segregation and a system of racial oppression |
| What was the ruling of the court in Plessy vs. Ferguson? | the segregation of races was legal. States maintained facilities for both races only if they gave equal service. "Separate but equal" was established. Maintaining segregation permitted legal racial segregation for about 60 years. |
| How did the implementation of Jim Crow laws and the decision in Plessy vs. Ferguson affect the civil rights of African Americans? | They deprived African Americans of civil rights and they weren't treated equally and made things harder due to segregation. |
| Blacks also faced informal rules and customs that regulated relationships and belittled and humiliated them. What were these customs called? | racial etiquette rules |
| Give two examples of "racial etiquette" rules Blacks had to deal with. | they had to remove their hats for whites. blacks and whites never shook hands since it implied equality |
| Name at least two other groups that faced discrimination in the American West. | Chinese immigrants & native americans |
| Name at least three jobs women started to hold around 1900. | 1. plow and plant the fields 2. book keeping and stenographers 3. office, stores, and classrooms |
| Women earned half as much as men but also their wages were the legal property of their husband. Eventually they were allowed to gain property. For women, gaining property rights was just one victory in a new ___ | push for equality. |
| What three things led women to start fighting for reforms? | 1. clubs where they talked about issues. 2. they became educated 3. they targeted work place and housing reform |
| Why did the women's suffrage movement face constant opposition? | liquor industries thought women would vote for prohibition, textile industries worried women would vote for restriction on child labor, and men feared the changing role of women in society |
| What three strategies were adopted by the suffragists to win the vote? | 1. they tried to convince state legislatures to grant women the right to vote. 2. women pursued court cases to test the fourteenth amendment. 3. women pushed for a national constitutional amendment to grant women the right to vote |
| Explain President Roosevelt's Square Deal. | it is used to describe the reforms. Protect people from big businesses and by creating programs to help people. He made a lot of laws to help people. |
| How did Roosevelt solve the problems of trusts hurting the public interest? | He ordered the Justice Department to sue the Northern Security. He made newspapers as a truthbuster. |
| How did Roosevelt solve the problem of the 1902 coal strike? | The federal government was expected to intervene. A commission was created that would help mediate the dispute. |
| How did Roosevelt solve the problem of lack of railroad regulation? | His urging Congress passes the Elkins Act in 1903. |
| What was significant about the way the 1902 coal strike was settled? | The government was expected to get involved in the future if a strike threatened the public welfare. |
| Explain one way Roosevelt helped make people's lives safer and healthier. | He created a meat inspection act which helped require meat regulations to keep people safe and healthy. |
| Explain one way Roosevelt contributed to conservationism. | He made more than 50 wildlife sanctions and several national parks and monuments. |
| What causes Roosevelt to enact measures to conserve the natural environment? | He didn't believe that American resources were endless and his friend John convinced him to make conservation acts. |
| Why did W.E.B. Du Bois found The Crisis magazine (the NAACP's magazine)? | He founded the magazine to share the issues of race and inequality. |
| Who did the progressive party run for President in 1912? | Roosevelt |
| Who did the Republican party run for President in 1912? | William Howard Taft |
| Who did the Democratic party run for President in 1912? | Woodrow Wilson |
| Who did the Socialist party run for President in 1912? | Eugene V. Debs |
| What was the Progressive Party candidates's (Roosevelt) position on big business? | supported government action to supervise big business but did not oppose all big business monopolies |
| What was the Republican Party candidates's (Taft) position on big business? | He made decisions that helped big businesses but hurt the environment. |
| What was the Democratic Party candidates's (Wilson) position on big business? | supported small business and free market competition; opposed monopolies; wanted strong antitrust legislation, banking reforms, and lower tariffs |
| What was the Socialist Party candidates's (Debs) position on big business? | He hated big businesses and felt that it was unfair to the workers there. |
| What three developments help women finally see success with their movement for the right to vote. | 1. the increased activism of local educated groups 2. the use of bold new strategies to build enthusiasm for the movement like protests and strikes 3. the rebirth of the national movement |
| How did World War I help women get the right to vote? | they knitted socks for soldiers and sold liberty bonds to help with the war and then asked for their right to vote in return for their help |
| Which amendment gave women the right to vote? | 19th amendment |
| What are three reasons why African Americans felt betrayed by President Wilson? | 1. He opposed federal anti-lynching legislation 2. The practice of segregation was continued instead of ended 3. He appointed white southerners to his cabinet who extended segregation |
| What started to demand attention and led to the end of the Progressive Era? | World War I |
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