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APWH unit 4 vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Glorious Revolution | aka the Bloodless Revolution; William of Orange took the English throne from James II in 1688. This strengthened the power of the Parliament |
| Mercantilism | An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought |
| Criollos | Spaniards born in the Americas. |
| Peninsulares | those who were born on the Iberian peninsula. |
| Triangular Trade | A three way system of trade during 1600-1800s Africa sent slaves to America, America sent Raw Materials to Europe, and Europe sent Guns and Rum to Africa |
| Vasco de Gama | First European to reach India by going around Africa; claimed territory was part of Portugal's Empire. Brought back spices to Portugal |
| Treaty of Tordesillas | set the boundary established in 1493 to define Spanish and Portuguese possessions in the Americas. Portugal got Brazil and Spain got the rest of South America |
| Primogeniture Laws | English laws that only led eldest sons inherit land, leading younger sons to search for money via things like joint-stock companies. |
| Mit'a System | Inca system of forced labor; young men required to devote a certain amount of labor to public works projects |
| Northwest Passage | a waterway through or around North America that would lead to East Asia. French, English and Dutch explorers all looked for this ( not really a real thing |
| Ferdinand Magellan | Portuguese navigator who led the Spanish expedition of 1519-1522 that was the first to sail around the world. This proved that the earth could be circumnavigated |
| Middle Passage | A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies |
| Indentured Servants | Colonists who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years, usually 7 years |
| Viceroys | representatives of the Spanish monarch in Spain's colonial empire |
| Encomienda | A grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it. This helped the Spanish gain access to gold and other resources of the Americas |
| Joint-stock Companies | owned by investors who bought stock or shares in them. High risks but also high rewards |
| Maroon Wars | Slaves in the Caribbean and former Spanish territories in the Americas fought to gain freedom in wars known as Maroon Wars |
| Galleons | heavily armed Spanish ships, what they used to transfer silver from Mexico to East Asia |
| Syncretism | the combining of different religious beliefs and practices |
| trading post empire | one based in small outposts, rather than control of large territories; Portugal in the early 1500s |
| Serf | A person who is bound to the land and owned by the feudal lord |
| Conquistadores | Spanish 'conqueror' or soldier in the New World. They were searching for the 3-G's: gold, God, and glory. |
| Bartholomew Diaz | sailed around the southern tip of Africa (cape of good hope) in 1488 |
| Ana Nzinga | Angolan queen who fought off Portuguese colonizers by pretending to accept Christianity, but actually was partnered with their enemies, the Dutch, and developed a powerful trade nation instead of waging internal war. She offered freedom to runaway slaves |
Created by:
lottiek23