Muscles that move the forearm include which of the following:

brachioradialis, pronator teres, biceps Bracchi

The flexor muscles that move the fingers are mostly located on the

anterior medial surface of the foreamr

Muscles may be named according to their :

function, direction of fibers, points of attachment

The origin of a muscle is on the femur, and the insertion is on the tibia. When it contracts, it bends the knee.

the knee is acting as a fulcrum

Which of the following body systems assists the muscles in maintaining posture?

digestive, endocrine, excretory

Which of the following statements about the muscles of the thorax is correct?

When the diaphragm contracts, it decreases the volume of the thoracic cavity and expels air from the lungs

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MaldonadoStudystack2

Anatomy week 6-12

Question	Answer
Muscles with this type of muscle fascicle arrangement are either fusiform or straplike in appearance.	parallel
The continuous low level of sustained contraction maintained by all skeletal muscles is muscle __________	tone
The biceps brachii has this fascicle arrangement, which maximizes the range of motion possible.	parallel
The long axes of the fascicles run parallel to the long axis to the muscle is a description of this type of fascicle arrangement	parallel
The muscle fascicle arrangement for Orbicularis oris is best characterized as	circular
This arrangement of muscle fascicles tends to be triangular in shape. The pectoralis major is an example of a muscle with this type of muscle fascicle arrangement.	convergent
The Sartorius muscle, a thin straplike muscle would have muscle fascicles arranged in	parallel
The fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle and is outside the epimysium and tendon is called the	fascia
Muscles that move the wrist, hand, and fingers can be	extrinsic or intrinsic
A muscle with fascicles that insert into the tendon from both sides is categorized as	bipennate
An example of a muscle with this type of fascicle arrangement is the orbicularis oris.	circular
In addition to the pectoralis major, another muscle that displays this pattern of fascicle arrangement is Latissimus dorsi.	convergent
The common tendon of the gastrocnemius and soleus is called the	calcaneal tendon
The term _________ is used to describe a muscle that directly performs a specific movement.	agonist
A muscle with fascicles that insert into only one side of the tendon is categorized as	unipennate
The individual muscle fibers are covered by a connective tissue membrane called the	endomysium
The point of attachment that does not move when the muscle contracts is the	origin
The muscle that helps hold the scapula against the thorax and is useful in pushing or punching movements is the	serratus anterior
The innermost muscle of the abdominal wall is the	transverse abdominis
Muscles that move the forearm include which of the following:	brachioradialis, pronator teres, biceps Bracchi
The muscle that flexes the semi pronated or semi supinated forearm is the	brachioradialis
A muscle is attached to the femur and tibia. Its function or action is to bend the knee. When it contracts, it is acting as the	prime mover
Another name for a skeletal muscle cell is a	muscle fiber
The sternocleidomastoid muscle is an example of a muscle named for its	point of attachment
The flexor muscles that move the fingers are mostly located on the	anterior medial surface of the foreamr
The muscle that allows the thumb to be drawn across the palm to touch the tip of any finger is the	oppenens pollicis
The most common type of lever in the body is a ______ class lever	third
What are the names of the groups of pennate muscles?	Bipennate, multipennate
The pectoralis major muscle is an example of a __________muscle.	convergent
The posterior arm muscle that extends the forearm is the	triceps brachii
Muscles may be named according to their :	function, direction of fibers, points of attachment
The achilles tendon is common to both the gastrocnemius and soleus	True
The origin of a muscle is on the femur, and the insertion is on the tibia. When it contracts, it bends the knee.	the knee is acting as a fulcrum
The action of the brachialis muscle is to ____________ the forearm.	flex
Another name for a sphincter muscle is a _________ muscle.	circular
Which of the following muscles has fibers on a transverse plane	transverse abdominis
Which of the following body systems assists the muscles in maintaining posture?	digestive, endocrine, excretory
In pushing(pressing) a weight from shoulder height to above the head, which of the following muscles is least utilized	biceps brachii
Which of the following statements about the muscles of the thorax is correct?	When the diaphragm contracts, it decreases the volume of the thoracic cavity and expels air from the lungs
The soleus muscle is an example of a __________ muscle.	pennate
There are more than 600 muscles in the body. T or F	true
Just as individual bones are the organs of the skeletal system, individual muscles are the organs of the muscular system T or F	true
The latissimus dorsi muscle is an example of a _________ muscle.	spiral
Groups of skeletal muscle fibers are bound together by a connective tissue envelope called the	perimysium
The muscle that extends and adducts the arm is the	latissimus dorsi
When an athlete injures a muscle of the hamstring group, the injury is on the	posterior thigh
The muscles assisting in rotating the arm outward is the	teres minor
Skeletal muscles constitute approx __________% of our body weight	50
The covering of individual muscle fibers is the	endomysium
Which of the following muscles does not move the upper arm	trapezius
The _______ of a presynaptic neuron associate with the dendrite of a postsynaptic neuron.	axon terminal
Neurons have	Very limited capacity to repair themselves
These regions of the neuron direct electrical currents toward the cell body	dendrite
What structure of the Schwann cell is essential to normal nerve growth and the generation of injured nerve fibers?	Neurilemma
This tends to be the longest cytoplasmic projection from a neuron	axon
What term describes the bundles of the nerve fibers within the central nervous system?	tracts
A signal conduction route to and from the central nervous system is a	reflex arc
The glia cells that help form the blood brain barrier are the	astrocytes
The structural and functional center of the entire nervous system is the ___________ nervous system.	central
The somatic nervous system carries information to the	skeletal muscles
Excitable cells that conduct the impulses are called	neurons
The ____________ nervous system is a complex network of nerve pathways embedded in the intestinal wall with a network of integrators and feedback loops that can act somewhat independently .	enteric
Chemical signals diffuse between neurons at this location	synapse
Which of these glia cells are located in the peripheral nervous system ?	Schwann cells
This is the site of communication between neurons	synapse
Nerves that originate from the brain are called ______ nerves.	cranial
The efferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system can be divided into the __________ divisions.	parasympathetic and sympathetic
Bundles of myelinated fibers make up the	white matter of the nervous system
Which of the following is not a structural classification of neurons	polar
The _______ of a neuron is a single process that usually extends from a tapered portion of the cell body	axon
Interneurons reside in the	CNS only
Dendrites conduct impulses __________ cell bodies.	toward
The efferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system consist of the ________ nervous systems.	sympathetic and parasympathetic
The afferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system	carry feedback information to integrating centers in the brain
Which of the following is the deepest connective tissue layer of a nerve?	endoneurium
Regeneration of nerve fibers will take place only if the cell body is intact and the fibers have	a neurilemma
Small distinct regions of gray matter in the CNS are called	nuclei
In the human nervous system	there are almost equal numbers of glia cells and neurons
The nervous system is organized to do ________________	detect changes in external environment, internal enfironment and evaluate changes in the environment
Most unipolar neurons are usually	sensory neurons
One of the components of the blood brain barrier is	astrocytes
Which is true of a reflex arc?	It always consists of an afferent neuron and an efferent neuron
Which of the following compounds cannot cross the blood brain barrier?	Dopamine
The part of the nervous system that transmits impulses from the CNS to the skeletal muscle is the	somatic nervous system
The autonomic nervous system does not stimulate	skeletal muscles
The largest and most numbers types of neuroglia are the	astrocytes
Astrocytes attach to	both A and C
A neuron that has only one axon but several dendrites is classified as a _____________ neuron.	multipolar
Neurons in the CNS have less chance of regenerating for all of the following reasons except	microglia lay down scar tissue
The lymphatic system, like the circulatory system is a closed circuit T or F	True
The white matter of the nervous system is made up of	myelinated fibers
Gray matter in the brain and spinal cord consists primarily of	cell bodies
The myelin sheath does the following:	associated with white fibers in the brain, important for nerve impulse conduction, destroyed in those with multiple sckerllosis
A neuron that transmits a nerve impulse toward the central nervous system is called a	sensory neuron
Along a neuron , the correct pathway for impulse conduction is	dendrite, cell body and axon
The nervous system can be divided according to:	its structure, to direction of info flow, by control of effectors
Fascicles are held together by a connective tissue layer called the	perineurium
Nerves that contain mostly afferent fibers are called ________ nerves	sensory
What are the functions of the CNS:	integrating sensory information, evaluating the info, initiating an outgoing response
Multipolar neurons have	multiple dendrites and one axon
The ventral rami of most spinal nerves subdivide to form complex networks called	plexuses
Formation of the cerebrospinal fluid occurs in the	choroid plexus
The large fluid filled spaces within the brain are called the	ventricles
The three divisions of the brain that make up the brainstem are the	medulla oblongata, midbrain, pons
Individual nerves that emerge from the _______ plexus innervate the lower part of the shoulder and the entire arm.	brachial
Spinal cord tracts provide conductions paths to and from the brain. The tracts that conduct sensory impulses down the cord from the brain are called ________ tracts.	descending
The enteric nervous system is made up of a complex network of nerve plexuses that control the visceral effectors in the	intestinal wall
If you trace the axon inside the sympathetic chain ganglion, the preganglionic fiber branches along which pathway?	synapses with a sympathetic postganglionic neuron, sends ascending or descending branches through the sympathetic trunk to synapse with postganglionic neurons in the other ganglia, passes through one or more ganglia without synapsing
The two efferent divisions of the autonomic nervous system are the	sympathetic and parasympathetic
The inner protective covering of the brain is called the	meninges
How many pairs of spinal nerves are connected to the spinal cord	31
Dendrites and cell bodies of sympathetic preganglionic neurons are located in the	gray matter of the thoracic and upper lumbar segments of the spinal cord
A subdivision of the nervous system that regulates involuntary effectors is the ___________ nervous system	autonomic
The dorsal root of each spinal nerve is easily recognized as a swelling called the	dorsal root ganglion
The lower end of the spinal cord, with its attached spinal roots, gives the appearance of a horse's tail called the	cauda equina
Sensory neurons can operate in autonomic reflex arcs T or F	true
All of the following cranial nerves have a functional classification of motor except	vestibulocochlear
Cerebrospinal fluid is found in all of the following exept the	subdural space
The cervical plexus is :	found deep in the neck, is formed by the ventral rami of the first four cervical nerves and part of C5, includes the phrenic nerve
Which plexus contains nerves that innervate the lower part of the shoulder and the entire arm?	brachial
Parasympathetic neuron cell bodies are located in the	nuclei of the brainstem and the lateral gray columns of the scral cord
The layer of the meninges that serves as the inner periosteum of the cranial bone is the	dura mater
The innermost layer of the meninges is the	pia mater
How many lumbar nerve pairs are there ?	5
Axon terminals that secrete acetylcholine are called cholinergic terminals T or F	True
What are lateral corticospinal tract fibers for?	to inhibit the lower motor neuron, ref to as pyramidal pathways, they originate in the cerebral cortesx
The pyramids are formed in the	medulla
The cranial nerve that arises from the spinal cord is the	accessory
Several "vital centers" are located in the	medulla
The lumbar plexus gives rise to the __________ nerve.	femoral
Which part of the brain releases the hormone melatonin?	pineal gland
Visceral effectors are innervated by sympathetic fibers T or F	true
Nerve fibers of the spinothalamic tract are	sensory
The autonomic nervous system includes only efferent neurons T or F	False
Spinal nerves are __________ fibers	motor and sensory
The peripheral nervous system includes	only cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and their branches
The areas specializing in language functions are found in the left cerebral hemisphere in	about 90% of the population
All cell bodies of the autonomic nervous system are located within the CNS , T or F	False
Small branches from the cervical plexus join which two cranial nerves?	hypoglossal and accessory
Characteristics of preganglionic neurons	secrete acetylcholine, dendrites and cell bodies are found in the lateral gray columns of thoracic and the first four lumbar segments of the spinal cord
All cell bodies of the autonomic nervous system are located within the CNS , T or F	False
Beta receptors bind to	norepinephrine
The brain has ___________major divisions	six
Cerebrospinal fluid circulates through the ventricles, into the central canal, and ___________, and is absorbed back into the blood .	subarachnoid space
Bony labyrinth structure containing the utricle and saccule	vestibule
Which of the following minerals is essential for the formation of thyroid hormone?	iodine
Transparent structure of the eye containing regularly aligned collagen fibers	cornea
Receptors for hearing are located in the	cochlear duct
Pancreatic cell type that produces insulin	beta cells
Which of the following endocrine glands develops primarily from the endoderm of the pharynx?	thyroid and parathyroids
Hormone that inhibits osteoclast activity in children	calcitonin
Pyramid-shaped gland consisting of neural crest-derived cells and endocrine secretory cells	adrenal gland
Region of the hypophysis that contains secretory endocrine cells derived from the oral ectoderm.	adenohypophysis
Endolymph-filled structure containing receptors for hearing.	cochlear duct
Transparent mucous membrane covering the inner surface of the eyelid	conjunctiva
Melanin-containing layer of the eye's vascular tunic	choroid
Fluid filling the posterior segment of the eye	vitreous humor
The anatomical stalk of the pituitary is also known as	infundibulum
Region of the adrenal cortex that secretes DHEA	zona reticularis
Gel-like structure embedded with the tips of cochlear hair cells	tectorial membrane
Which of the following statements does not correctly describe the spiral organ of corti?	The tectorial membrane bends with vibrations whereas the basilar membrane is rigid and fixed.
Largest purely endocrine gland in the body	thyroid gland
Which of the following is not part of the flow of taste sensation along the gustatory pathway to the cerebral cortex?	hypothalamic appetite centers
Which of the following areas has the highest concentration of cones?	the fovea centralis
Gustatory cells are located in all of the following areas except	on the apical surface of vallate papillae on the tongue
Which endocrine gland stores enough of its hormone extracellularly to last several months?	the thyroid
Class of hormones secreted during chronic stress that depress immune function	glucocorticoids
Endolymph is made	in the stria vascularis
The nerve carrying taste information from the anterior two thirds of the tongue is the	facial
Membrane attached to the stapes	oval window
The hypophyseal portal veins are primarily located in the	infundibulum
Endocrine gland of the thorax that is also important in immune function	thymus gland
The hormone produced by the heart	increases the excretion of sodium in the urine
The basilar membrane supports the	spiral organ
The vagus is said to act as a "brake" on the heart. This situation is called	vagal inhibition
Which are the two baroreceptors that are located near the heart?	aortic baroreceptors and carotid baroreceptors
Inhibition of sympathetic vasoconstrictor impulses is considered a major mechanism of	vasodilation
Which two factors promote the return of venous blood to the heart ?	blood pumping action of respiration and skeletal muscle contractions
The term used to describe the collection of mechanisms that influence the circulation of blood is	hemodynamics
The difference between systolic pressure and diastolic pressure is called	pulse pressure
Starling's law of the heart states that, within limits, the longer, more stretched, the heart fibers are at the beginning of the contraction, the	stronger the contraction
The internal iliac artery supplies blood to the	pelvis
The type of membranous tissue that lines the heart and the blood vessels is the	endothelium
Blood flow from the heart through blood vessels to all parts of the body and back to the heart is referred to as ___________ circulation	systemic
The structure ref to as the pacemaker of the heart is the	SA node
Which mature cell has no nucleus, mitochondria, or ribosomes?	erythrocytes
Which types of arteries are also called conducting arteries and include the aorta?	elastic arteries
The outermost layer of the larger blood vessels is the tunica	adventitia
Which division of the autonomic nervous system sends fibers to the heart?	sympathetic and parasympathetic
The __________drains much of the superficial leg and foot	great saphenous vein
Renal veins drain blood from the	kidneys
The bulk of the heart wall is the thick, contractile middle layer called the	myocardium
From which vessels do myocardial cells receive blood?	coronoray arteries
The structural components of the circulatory system include the	heart and blood vessels
The four structures that compose the conduction system of the heart are the	SA node,AV node, AV bundle, purkinje fibers
A decrease in the amount white blood cells is called	leukopenia
A glycoprotein hormone that is secreted to increase oxygen concentration in the tissues is	erythropoietin
During fetal circulation, what opening in the septum, between the right and left atria, directs most of the blood so that it bypasses the fetal lungs?	foramen ovale
The heart valves that are located where the trunk of the pulmonary artery joins the right ventricle and where the aorta joins the left ventricle are called the	semilunar valves
The normal ECG is composed of all of the following except : P wave, QRS complex, T wave, E wave	E wave
The free edges of the atrioventricular valves are anchored to the	papillary muscles
Which layer of the larger blood vessels is made up of endothelium?	tunica intima
The brachiocephalic vein drains blood from the	head, neck, and upper extremity
In _______, blood moves from the veins to the other veins or arteries to the other arteries without passing through an intervening capillary network	vascular anastomoses
Microscopic vessels that carry blood from small arteries to small veins are	capillaries
Which of the following is not a formed element found in the blood?	plasma
The molecule that makes up 95% of the dry weight of each red blood cell and is responsible for the red pigment is	hemoglobin
Atria are often called ___________because they receive blood from vessels called veins	receiving chambers
Erythrocytes begin their maturation sequence in red bone marry from nucleated cells known as	hematopoietic stem cells
The term blood type refers to the type of blood cell	antigen
The normal cardiac impulse that initiates mechanical contraction of the heart arises in the	SA node
The tonsils located near the posterior opening of the nasal cavity are called the _______ tonsils.	pharyngeal
The main difference between the composition of lymph and interstitial fluid and the composition of plasma is the _________ percentage of ______ in lymph and interstitial fluid.	lower; proteins
The primary organ of the lymphatic system is the	thymus
During their residence in the thymus, pre-T cells develop into __________, cells that proliferate as rapidly as any in the body.	thymocytes
Hassall corpuscles are part of the	thymus
Which substance can destroy pathogens by lowering the pH to a level at which they cannot function ?	hydrochloric acid
They lymph nodes located in the groin are called the	inguinal lymph nodes
The breast- the mammary gland and surrounding tissue- is drained by the	lymphatics that originate in and drain the skin over the breast with the exception of the areola and nipple/ lymphatics that originate in and drain the substance of the breast itself, as well as the skin of the areola and nipple
A type of blood cell produced by lymph nodes is called a	monocyte
lymph from the entire body, except the upper right quadrant, drains:	eventually into the thoracic duct
The size of lymph nodes varies from _______mm to more than ____mm in diameter	1 ; 20
Lacteals drain and absorb:	drain into the right lymphatic duct, absorb fat from the digestive system
The cisterna chyli originates	in the thoracic duct
Each cortical nodule is composed of packed lymphocytes that surround a less dense area called a	germinal center
The type of immune mechanism that provides a general defense by acting against anything recognized as "not self" is called	nonspecific immunity
An infection in the thumb may result in enlargement of the _________ nodes	superficial cubital
The lymph nodes located just above the bend of the elbow are called the ________ lymph nodes	supratrochlear
Masses of lymphoid tissue located in a protective ring under the mucous membranes in the mouth and the back of the throat are called	tonsils
Lymph capillaries called lacteals are located in the	small intestine
The internal environment of the human body is protected by the ______, which are referred to as the first line of defense	skin
Lymphatics resemble veins except that lymphatics have:	thinner walls, more valves, contain nodes located at certain intervals along their course
Interferon inhibits the spread of	viruses and cancer
Lymph ducts empty into the circulatory system, draining into the	subclavian veins
About half of the lymph flowing through the thoracic duct comes from the	liver and small intestine
Because T cells attack pathogens more directly, T cell immune mechanisms are classified as _________ immunity	cell mediated
Antibodies are proteins of the family called	immunoglobulins
Adaptive immunity, part of the body's third line of defense, is orchestrated by two different classes of a type of white blood cell called the	lymphocyte
The spleen is located in the ____________ region.	left hypochondriac
The lymphatic system, like the circulatory system, is a closed circuit, T or F	false
Which of the following is not a lymph organ? Thymus, spleen, pancreas, tonsils	pancreas
Gas exchange occurs only in the	alveoli
The air containing spaces that open or drain into the nasal cavity are called	paranasal sinuses
The ________ of each lung lies against the ribs and is rounded to match the contours of the thoracic cavity.	coastal surface
The trachea divides at its lower end into two	primary bronchi
The trachea, bronchial tree, and lungs make up the	lower respiratory tract
The microscopic cilia function to	move mucus toward the pharynx
The small leaf shaped cartilage that projects upward behind the tongue and hyoid bone is the	epiglottis
Which organ consists largely of cartilages that are attached to one another and to surrounding structures by muscles or fibrous and elastic tissue components?	larynx
If you were to trace the movement of air through the nose into the pharynx, it would pass through the following structures in which order:	anterior nares, vestibule, meatus, and posterior nares
The surface of the respiratory membrane inside each alveolus is coated with fluid containing	surfactant
The roof of the nose is separated from the cranial cavity by a portion of the ethmoid bone called the	cribriform plate
During respiration, the thorax	becomes larger when the chest is raised
An inflammation of the lower respiratory tract that involves the airways of the lungs is called	pneumonia
A common condition characterized by acute inflammation of the tracheobronchial tree is	acute bronchitis
The vibrissae function as	filters
The cribriform plate separates	the nasal and cranial cavities
Which lung structures is found in the left lung?	oblique fissure, secondary bronchi entering the superior lobe, and secondary bronchi entering the inferior lobe
The respiratory system can be divided into two parts?	upper and lower respiratory tract
The largest of the paranasal sinuses is the	maxillary
The fauces, one of the seven openings found in the pharynx, opens into the	oropharynx
The eustachian tube connects the middle ear with the	nasopharynx
Which of the following is not part of the respiratory membrane?	ciliated respiratory mucosa
Paranasal sinuses are normally filled with	air
The smallest branches of the bronchial tree are	bronchioles
The divisions of the thoracic cavity includes	L/R pleural cavity and mediastinum
The respiratory portion of the nasal passage is lined with a mucous membrane made up of __________epithelium	pseudostratified columnar
Olfactory epithelium is found	covering the superior turbinate
The respiratory tract includes :	larynx,oropharynx,nasopharynx
The small, leaf-shaped cartilage behind the tongue and hyoid bone is the	epiglottis
The total number of lobes in both lungs is	5
The structure in the neck known as the "Adams apple" is the	thyroid cartilage
The hollow nasal cavity is separated by a midline partition called the	septum
These are covered with Ciliated mucous membranes	posterior nares, trachea, primary bronchi
The more common name for the pharynx is the	throat
The lower border of the cavity of the larynx is formed by the	cricoid cartilage
What is the correct sequence of air as it passes through the nose into the pharynx?	Anterior nares vestibule inferior, middle, superior meatus posterior nares
The external openings to the nasal cavities can be referred to as	nostrils, anterior nares, external nares
The intrinsic muscles of the larynx serve as	voice production
The anatomical division of the pharynx that is located behind the mouth from the soft palate above to the level of the hyoid bone below is called the	oropharynx
Anatomically, how does the right bronchus differ from the left bronchus, and what effect might this have on the aspiration of objects?	The right bronchus is slightly larger and more vertical than the left. This anatomical fact helps explain why aspirated forein objects frequently lodge in the right bronchus
accessory structure of the respiratory system	oral cavity, rib cage, diaphragm
The approx length of the trachea, or windpipe, is _____ cm.	11
The structures that deflect air as it passes through the nose are called	conchae
In the right lung, the superior and middle lobes are separated by the	horizontal fissure.

Created by: Roxymaldonado9

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