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urinalysis 42 terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Acetest (R) | a product used to test for presence of abnormal amounts of acetone (ketones) in urine |
| Acid / Base Balance | Condition that occurs when the net rate at which a body produces acids or base is equal to the net rate at which acids or bases are excreted. |
| Amorphous [a = without / morph = shape ] | shapeless: posessing no definitive form. Lacking definite form; shapeless. Lacking organization; formless. Lacking distinct crystalline structure. |
| Bilirubin [latin: bīlis = bile / rub = red / in ) | orange-yellow pigment that forms from the breakdown of hemoglobin in broken down red blood cells . Bilirubin usually travels in the blood stream to the liver , where it is converted to a water-soluble form and is excreted into the bile |
| Casts | tiny structures usually formed by deposits of protein or other substances on the walls of the renal tubules: in urine, they can indicate kidney disease |
| Circadian Rhtythm | pattern based on a 24-hour cycle emphasizing the repetition of certain physiologic phenonmena such as eating and sleeping. |
| Clinitest (R) | a reagent tablet test that confirms the presence of reducing sugars in the urine |
| Creatinine | a waste product formed in the muscle that is excreted by the kidneys, elevated in the blood and urine when kidney fuunction is abnormal |
| Glucose | a simple sugar that is a major source of energy in the human body: monitoring of blood glucose levels in urine and blood is a vital diagnostic test in diabetes and other disorders: also a test ona reagent strip |
| Hematura | abnormal presence of blood in urine, symptomatic of many disorders of the genitourinary system and renal diseases |
| Hyaline | a transparent, clear; hyaline casts are transparent and often hard to see in urine |
| Ictotest (R) | a confirmatory test for Bilirubin |
| Ketoacidous | an accumulation of ketones on the body , occuring primarily as a complication of diabetes mellitus; if left untreated, it could cause a coma |
| Ketone [ German Keton, shortening and alteration of Aceton] | a chemical compound produced during an increased metabolism of fat; also, it is a test on a reagent strip |
| Leukocyte Esterase | a test on a reagent strip that indicates the presence of white blood cells in the urinary tract |
| Meniscus | a curvature appearing in a liquid's upper surface when a liquid is placed in a container |
| Midstream Collection | a urine sample collected in the middle of the flow of urine |
| pH | is a scale that inidicates the relative alkalinity or acidity of a solution; a measurement of hydrogen ion concentration |
| Quality Control | measures used to monitor the processing of lab speicmens. Includes proper use --- storage ---handling --- stability --- expiration dates, --- and indications for measuring precision and accuracy of analytic processes. |
| Reagents | a chemical substance that detects or synthesizes other substances in a chemical reation; used in a labortary analysis because it is known to react in a specific way |
| Reagent Test Strip | a narrow strip of plastic on which pads containing reagents are attached; used in urinalysis chemical examination to detect ---glucose --- bilirubin --- ketones --- specific gravity --- blood --- pH --- urobilinogen --- nitrites -- and leukocyte esterase |
| Refractometer | an instrument that measures the refractive index of a substance or a solution; used in the urinaylsis physical examination to measure the urine specimen's specific gravity |
| screening | is a preliminary examination used to detect the most characteristic signs of disorder that may entail further investigation |
| Sediment | insoluble material that settles to the bottom of a liquid; material examined in the urinalysis microscopic examination |
| Specific Gravity | the ratio of weight of a given volume of a substance to the weight of the same volume of distilled water at the same temperature; a test often performed during the u/a physical exam ( ---also it may show up on a reagent strip ) |
| Supernatant | is urine that appears above the sediment when centrifuged; poured off before sediment is examined in the u/a microscopic examination |
| Tamm-Horsfall | mucoprotein secreted by the epithelial cells of the renal tubules |
| Turbid | this is opaque , lacking clarity |
| Urea | principal end product of protein metabolism |
| Urinalysis | an examination of the ---physical --- chemical --- and ---microscopic ---properties of urine |
| Urinometer | a device to measure specific gravity; it consists of a float -- with a calibrated stem |
| Urobilinogen | a colorless compound produced in the intestine after the breakdown by bacteria of bilirubin |
| Urochrome | a yellow pigment that gives color to urine |
| The filtering unit of the kidney is called the glomerulus | The filtering unit of the kidney is called the glomerulus |
| Homeostasis means = a state of equilibrium. | Homeostasis means = a state of equilibrium. |
| The part of the kidney that concentrates filtered material is called tubules | The part of the kidney that concentrates filtered material is called tubules |
| Together the glomerulus and tubule combine to form the nephron | Together the glomerulus and tubule combine to form the nephron |
| theshold subtances = is an example of when subtances are reabsorbed in relationship to their concentration in the blood | theshold subtances = is an example of when subtances are reabsorbed in relationship to their concentration in the blood |
| QC = | quality control , programs ensure accurate and reliable results |
| reagents (substances used in testing urine ) | reagents (substances used in testing urine ) |
| Random (on the spot) u/a specimen --- | can be taken at any time, most commonly collected---for routine u/a. a concentrated sample is preferred --not a diluted sample. the first morning urine is the most concentrated --specimen of choice |
| Fasting & timed u/a specimen, requires a common u/a container only | urinating w/o consumption of food and drink. doctors order this type less than random. a doctor may want to order urine sample w/o consumption interference. A-timed collection is when a patient is ased to eat a meal and urine 4 hours later. |
| 24 hr u/a samples | urine varies in its concentration with intake with food and water of human consumption. 1-gallon containers are useful. |
| random---fasting -- 24 hr | urine collection methods |
| random ---clean-catch -- midstream -- catherization | certain types of collection methods for specific sample |
Created by:
TONYMILLER