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Adebayo
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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Industrial Revolution | Began in England circa 1760, changes in economic and social organization, hand told were replaced by power-driven machines |
| Spinning Jenny | 1760s spinning machine, had more than one spindle, allowed a person to spin multiple threads at the same time, inventor: James Hargreaves |
| Water Frame | Richard Arkwright in 1769, used waterpower to drive the spinning wheel, caused textile production to move to factories |
| Capitalsim | Economic system, investment and ownership of production is made and maintained by private individuals and/or corporations for profit |
| Adam Smith | Wrote The Wealth of Nations (1776)., called for freer trade, advocated for laissez-faire |
| Laissez faire | Approach that means governments should reduce/have little to no intervention in economic decision. |
| Urbanization | Increasing size and number of cities |
| Self-Strengthening Movement | Under Qing Dynasty (China) pressured to modernize, major reform in late 19th century, advances in military, government, economy, to address internal external problems confronting China |
| Empress Cixi | A conservative, first opposed reforms to protect social class and governmental systems, towards the end of her rule, she repealed the civil-service system and replaced it with an educated bureaucracy of scholar-gentry. |
| Tazimat Reforms | Reforms after Mahud (1839-1876) reorganization period, sultans worked to eliminate corruption, codify laws, strengthen military, created secular education system with primary and secondary schools, lasting impact. |
| Middle class | consisted of factory and office managers, small business owners, and professionals, white collar workers, held by office workers, most were literate |
| Bourgeoisie | included middle class and investors who owned machinery and factories where workers produced goods |
| Labor unions | Organization of workers that advocated for workers' rights by bargaining with employers and putting agreement into contract |
| Scientific Socialism | Approach to economics based on how the world actually operated, middle-ground between capitalism and communism |
| Karl Marx | German scholar and writer who argued for socialism, specifically scientific socialism |
| John Locke | Believed people had natural right (life liberty and pursuit of happiness), emphasized environment and education shaped people rather than ancestry. |
| Mary Wollstonecraft | argued that females should get same education and rights as males |
| Constitutional government | A government structured according to a written document known as the constitution |
| Declaration of Independence | expressed the philosophy behind colonists fight against British rule, document that declared American independence |
| Simon Bolivar | Creole, pushed for Enlightenment ideals in Latin America, promoted independence of areas that became Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru wealth used for revolutionary causes, founded Gran Coombia, liberal believed in a free market and abolition of slav |