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unit 5 ap world
vocab unit 5 apworld
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Industrial Revolution | Began in England circa 1760, changes in economic and social organization, hand tools were replaced with power-driven machines |
| Spinning Jenny | 1760s spinning machine, had more than one spindle, allowed a person to spin multiple threads at the same time, inventor: James Hargreaves |
| Water Frame | Richard Arkwright in 1769, used waterpower to drive spinning wheel, caused textile production to move to factories |
| Capitalism | economic system, investment and ownership of production is made and maintained by private individuals and/or corporations for profit |
| Adam Smith | wrote The Wealth of Nations (1776), called for freer trade, advocated for laissez-faire |
| Laissez Faire | Approach that means governments should reduce/have little to no intervention in economic decision |
| Urbanization | increasing size and number of cities |
| Self-strengthing movement | Under Qing Dynasty (China) pressured to modernize, major reform in late 19th century, advances in military, government, economy, to address internal and external problems confronting China |
| Empress Cixi | A conservative, first opposed reforms to protect social and governmental systems, towards the end of her rule, she repealed the civil-service system and replaced it with an educated bureaucracy of scholar gentry |
| Tanzima Reforms | Reforms after Mahud (1839-1876), reorganization period, sultans worked to eliminate corruption, codify laws, strengthen military, created secular education system with primary and secondary schools, lasting impact |
| Middle Class | consisted of factory and office managers, small business owners, and professionals, white-collar workers, held by office workers, most were literate |
| Bourgeoisie | included middle class and investors who owned machinery and factories where workers produced goods |
| Labor Unions | Organizations of workers that advocated for workers’ rights by bargaining with employers and putting agreement into contract |
| Scientific Socialism | Approach to economics based on how the world “actually” operated, middle-ground between capitalism and communism |
| Karl Marx | German scholar and writer who argued for socialism, specifically scientific socialism |
| John Locke | believed people had natural rights (to life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness), emphasized environment and education shaped people rather than ancestry |
| Mary Wollstonecraft | argued that females should get same education and rights as males |
| Constitutional Government | A government structured according to a written document known as the constitution |
| Declaration of Independence | expressed the philosophy behind colonists’ fight against British rule, document that declared American independence |
| Simon Bolivar | Creole, pushed for Enlightenment ideals in Latin America, promoted independence of areas that became Venezuela,Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, wealth used for revolutionary causes, founded Colombia, liberal, believed in a free market and the abolition of slavery |
Created by:
ivlad