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AP Gov - Ch.3 Vocab
US Gov Chap 3 Federalism Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Unitary government | a system where all power resides in the central government |
| Block grants | broad program grants given more or less automatically to states and communities, which exercise discretion in how the money is spent |
| Tenth Amendment | specifies that powers not delegated to the national government are reserved for the state government or the people |
| Categorical grants | grants that can be used only for specific purposes or categories of state and local spending |
| Fiscal federalism | the pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system |
| Formula grants | a type of categorical grant where states and local governments do not apply for a grant but are given funds based on a formula |
| Dual federalism | where states and the national government each remain supreme within their spheres of power, much like a layer cake |
| Supremacy clause | Article VI of the Constitution states that the supreme law of the land is the Constitution, the laws of the national government, and treaties |
| Federalism | a system of shared power between two or more levels of government |
| Implied powers | powers beyond Congress’ enumerated powers that ensure that it can carry out its duties |
| Cooperative federalism | where state and national government responsibilities are mingled and blurred like a marble cake; powers and policies are shared |
| Gibbons v. Ogden | the 1824 Supreme Court case which further expanded Congress’ power to regulate interstate and international commerce by defining commerce very broadly to incorporate every form of commercial activity |
| Devolution | transferring responsibility for policies from the federal government to state and local governments |
| Project grant | categorical grants awarded based on competitive applications |
| Intergovernmental relations | the term used to describe the entire set of interactions among national, state, and local governments |
| Extradition | the Constitution requires each state to return a person charged with a crime in another state to that state for trial or imprisonment |
| Elastic clause | the statement in the Constitution which says that Congress has the power to make all laws necessary and proper for carrying out its duties |
| Enumerated powers | powers of Congress found in Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution |
| Privileges and immunities | the Constitution prohibits states from discriminating against citizens of other states |
| McCulloch v. Maryland | the 1819 Supreme Court case, which established the supremacy of the national government over the states, included both enumerated and implied powers of Congress |
Created by:
Dessy.