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ch.1 intro to earth
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| system | a group of parts that work together in a whole |
| energy | the ability to do work or cause change |
| atmosphere | the relatively thin layer of glasses that form earths outermost layer |
| geosphere | the densest parts of earth that include the mantle crust and core |
| hydrosphere | the portion of earth that consists of watering any of it's forms including oceans, glaciers, rivers, lakes, ground water and water vapor |
| biosphere | the parts of earth that contain living organisms |
| constructive force | any natural process that builds up earths surface |
| desrtuctive force | any natural process that tears down or wears away earths surface |
| seismic wave | vibrations that travel through earth carrying the energy released in an earthquake |
| pressure | the force pushing on a surface divided by the area of that surface |
| crust | the layer of rock that forms earths outer surface |
| basalt | a dark dense igneous rock with a fine texture found in oceanic crust |
| granite | a usually light colored igneous rock that is found in continental crust |
| mantle | the layer of hot solid material between earths crust and core |
| lithosphere | a rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust |
| asthenosphere | the soft layer of the mantle on which the lithosphere floats |
| outer core | a layer of molten iron and nickel that surrounds the inner core of the earth |
| inner core | a dense sphere of solid iron and nickel at the center of the earth |
| radiation | the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves |
| convection | the transfer of heat through movement of a fluid |
| conduction | the transfer of heat from one particle of matter to another |
| density | the ratio of the mass of a substance to its volume |
| convection current | the movement of a fluid caused by differences in temperature that transfers heat from one part of the fluid to another |