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Ocean Acidification
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| There has been a relatively rapid increase (~50%) in carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere over the past 200 years. In 3 sentences or less, explain why this has occurred. 3 Mark Q - (2 Reasons for increase = 2 marks)(Explain why rapid = 1 Mark) | -Industrial revolution caused rapid increase in combustion of fossil fuels, this leads to release of large amounts of CO2 -Deforestation reduces planets ability to absorb CO2 -These increase the greenhouse effect as more CO2 produced and less absorbed |
| In two short sentences define ocean acidification and identify what causes it. 2 Mark Q - (What is it = 1 Mark) (What causes it = 1 Mark) | - When the ocean becomes more acidic and therefore has a lower pH - Caused when excess carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is absorbed into the ocean and as it dissolves it forms carbonic acid |
| Explain how carbon dioxide in the atmosphere lead to ocean acidification? In your answer list the two chemical reactions which occur when carbon dioxide dissolves in the ocean. 4 Mark Q - (2 processes = 2 Marks) (2 Chemical Reactions = 2 Marks) | -CO2 + H2O ➡️H2CO3, happens when excess CO2 from atmo is absorbed into ocean and as it dissolves carbonic acid is formed -H2CO3 ➡️H+ + HCO3-, happens when carbonic acid breaks down into hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions, increases the acidity+lowers pH |
| Explain how does an increase in hydrogen ions affect the pH and acidity of seawater? 2 Mark Q - (Explain how H+ increase = (affects) change in pH = 1 Mark)(Explain how H+ increase = (affects) change in acidity = 1 Mark | - H+ increase = lower pH - H+ increase = higher acidity in seawater |
| Identify the typical pH of seawater, and how much has it changed due to ocean acidification? 2 Mark Q - (pH = 1 Mark) (Change in pH = 1 Mark | - Typical pH is 8.1 - Since industrial revolution pH has increase by 0.1 units which represent a 30% increase in H+ concentration |
| Explain why marine organisms with calcium carbonate skeletons particularly vulnerable to ocean acidification? 2 Mark Q - (What happens tot their shells in more acidic pH = 1 Mark) (Is it good or bad for their health = 1 Mark) | -Increased H+ reduces the availability of carbonate ions which they need to maintain their skeletons -Bad for health as the higher the acidity gets the harder it is for them to repair and form shells which can lead to structural damage or dissolution |
| Explain why coral reefs are especially susceptible to the effects of ocean acidification. 2 Mark Q - (What are reefs made of + What happens to them in more acidic pH = 1 Mark) (Good or bad for the health of the reef = 1 Mark) | -Coral reefs rely on carbonate ions to build the skeletons that form the structure of the reef, more acidic the water gets harder it is for coral to grow and maintain skeletons -Negative impact on health, it leads to them becoming more weak and fragile |
Created by:
indi_13