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biology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mitchondria | Powerhouse, energy |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | increases surface area allowing entry |
| Cytoplasm | Reactions and suspends cell organelles |
| Mitosis | cell division creating 2 separate daughter cells |
| Meiosis | cell division creating 4 separate daughter cells |
| Gonad | organ producing sex cell |
| Uterus | site of implantation where foetus attaches |
| Fallopian Tube | fertilisation |
| oocyth | future egg |
| Trophoblast | involved in formation of placenta |
| Vas deferens | carries sperm to prostate gland |
| seminal vesicle | produces seminal fluid |
| Cowpers gland | seminal fluid |
| Epidiymis | stores sperm allowing maturity |
| Acrosome | digestive enzyme that breaks through egg membrane |
| Carbohydrates | contain carbon hydrogen and oxygen |
| Monosaccharide | one sugar unit |
| Disaccharide | two sugar units |
| Polysaccharide | more than two sugar units |
| Proteins | Contains carbon oxygen hydrogen nitrogen sulphur and phosphorus |
| Deaunination | Breaking down of acid in liver in urea |
| Lipids | Made of glycerol and three fatty acids |
| Adipose tissue | layer of fat under skin |
| phospholipids | make up call membrane |
| Biomolecules | organic substance made by living organisms that has a particular role in metabolism |
| Metabolism | sum of all chemical reactions in body |
| Anabolism | c to form more complex combining simple substance to form more complex biomolecules |
| Catabolic | breaking down of complex biomolecules to simpler substances |
| Fibrous | Long chain of amino acids |
| Globular | tight folding's of amino acid chains |
| Vitamins | organic compound needed in small amounts to maintain healthy body |
| Minerals | soluble inorganic salts that contain elements that are essential for normal metabolism |
| Calcium | makes up middle lamella between cell walls |
| Magnesium | produces chloropyll |
| Iron | makes up haemoglobin needed for oxygen transport |
| zinc | make physical structure and protein shapes |
| copper | haemoglobin formation |
| calcium (animal) | formation of teeth and bones |
| Ecology | study of the interactions between living things and their environment |
| biosphere | part of planet where life is found |
| population | all members of same species in an area |
| community | contains many different populations |
| Abiotic | non living |
| Biotic | living |
| Climatic | weather |
| edaphic | soil |
| Producers | make own food |
| Primary consumers | consumes producers (herbivores) |
| secondary consumers | eats on animals (carnivore) |
| Food chain | one to one series of organisms with each organism feeding on the previous member |
| Niche | role organisms play in a community |
| Nitrogen fixing bacteria | converts nitrogen gas into nitrates |
| Bacteria and fungi decay | converts dead organic matter into nitrogenous gas |
| nitrifying bacteria | converts nitrogenous gas into nitrates |
| denitrifying bacteria | nitrates into nitrogen gas |
| pollution | harmful additions into environment |
| Conservation | wise management of existing resources |
| eutrophication | addition of nutrients into fresh water |
| micro-organisms | breaks down organic waste in landfill sites |
| Diffusion | movement of particles from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration |
| osmosis | movement of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane from an are of low solute to an area of high solute concentration concentration |
| Turgid | plant cell in which cell wall is rigid due to cytoplasm pushing out against it |
| semi permeable | allows some but not all membranes to pass through |
| enzyme | biological catalyst that speeds up or slows down a reaction |
| substrate | substance an enzyme acts on |
| bioprocessing | use of biological material in the food production or production of other substances useful to humans |
| immobilized enzymes | enzymes held in beads or a gel so that they will react but ot mix with the substrate. |
| Tissue | group of cells working together |
| organ | group of tissues working together |
| systems | group of organs working together |
| cell | building blocks of our body |
| vacuole | food storage |
| ribsomes | creates protein which forms dna and body parts |
| Blood pressure | Force blood to exert against wall of blood vessels |
| valves | control direction of blood flow |
| portal system | blood pathway that begins and ends in capillaries |
| diastole | heart chambers relax |
| systole | heart chambers contract |
| pulse | alternate expansion and contraction of arteries |
| blood pressure | force exerted by blood against walls of blood vessels |
| Closed blood system | Blood remains in continuous system of blood cells through wall of blood vessels |
| open blood system | blood pumped into open ended blood vessels and later leaves to cells |
| Capillaries | allow for exchange of materials between blood and cells |
| life | any system capable of performing functions such as metabolizing and excretion. |
| continuity of life | how living organisms arise from living organisms of the same type |
| plasma | liquid part |
| red blood cells | carries oxygen |
| white blood cells | fight against infections |
| platlets | fragment of cells, clog blood if skin is cut |
| monocytes | engulf and destroy foreign micro organisms |
| lymphocytes | makes antibodies |
| aorta | carries blood around body |
| vena cava | blood from body to heart |
| pulmonary vein | lungs to heart |
| pulmonary artery | heart to lungs |
| cuspid valves | prevents backflow of blood |
| left atrium/ventricle | oxygenated blood |
| right atrium/ventricle | deoxygenated blood |
| antigens | proteins found on surface of cell recognized by defense system |
| lymph capillaries | collect tissue fluids that have leaked from capillaries |
| lymph vessels | contains valves to prevent backflow |
| lymph nodes | filter lymph |
| lymph | excess tissue fluids with lymphocytes and lipids |
| coronary arteries | supplies muscle of the heart with food and oxygen |
| frequency | percentage chance of a species being within a random section of quadrat |
| percentage cover | proportion of ground overhung by aerial arts of plants |
| food web | series of interconnecting food chains |
| trophic level | feeding level in food chain |
| habitat | place in which organisms live |
| pyramid of numbers | representation of number of organism at each trophic level |
| waste management | preventing pollution and conserving environment |
| allele | alternate form of gene |
| genotype | genetic make up |
| phenotype | physical expression of genotype influenced by environment |
| heterozygous | both alleles are different |
| homozygous | both alleles are same |
| dominant | always express itself in heterozygous state |
| recessive | only be expressed in homozygous state |
| incomplete dominance | different alleles for characteristic but neither are dominant or reccessive |
| gene | section of dna causing production of protein |
| locus | chromosome position in gene |
| liver | produces bile and detoxifies body |
| bile | emulsifies fats and fatty acid to glycerol |
| ecosystem | group of clearly distinguished organisms that interact with their environment as a unit |
| biosphere | part of planet containing living organisms |
| flora | all plants in ecosystem |
| pyramid of numbers | represents number of organisms at each trophic level |
| competition | when organisms actively struggle for a resource in short supply |
| nitrification | conversion of ammonia to nitrite and then nitrate |
| decompostion | decomposition of dead organisms (bacteria or fungi of decay) release nitrogenous compounds |
Created by:
cilly