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WGU-Organic Chem 8
functional groups
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| different classes of hydrocarbons | saturated alkanesunsaturated alkenes, alkynes, arenes |
| saturation | no double or triple bonds |
| degree of unsaturation | C + 1 − 0.5 * (H + X − N) |
| unsaturation | has at least one double or triple bonds |
| alkyl group | R- R=alkane |
| hydroxyl group | -OH |
| how are alkanes and cycloalkanes related | They are both hydrocarbons, have no functional groups, and are aliphatic |
| aromatic compound | must have 6 electrons from 3 double bonds delocalized in a pi bond |
| why are cycloalkanes not aromatic | must have 6 pi electrons |
| cycloalkanes | types of alkanes which have one or more rings of carbon atoms in the chemical structure of their molecules |
| aliphatic hydrocarbon | compounds that do not contain aromatic rings |
| aromatic hydrocarbon | compounds that contain aromatic rings |
| benzene ring | an organic chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H6. It is sometimes abbreviated Ar–H |
| arene | Ar-H |
| aryl group | Ar- Simple aromatic ring |
| cis isomer | same side of double bond on different carbons |
| trans isomer | opposite side of double bond on different carbons |
| alkenes | double bonds |
| alkynes | triple bonds |
| E configuration | (from the German entgegen) means opposite and corresponds to the term trans higher atomic numbers are given higher priority more than one atom has lower priority |
| Z configuration | (from the German zusammen) means together and corresponds to the term cis;higher atomic numbers are given higher priority more than one atom has lower priority |
| haloalkanes | R-X X is a halogen |
| alcohols | R-OH |
| ethers | R-O-R' |
| amines | RNH2 primary, R2NH secondary, or R3N tertiary |
| aldehydes | R-(C=O)H |
| ketones | R-(C=O)R' |
| carboxylic acids | R-(C=O)OH |
| esters | R-(C=0)-OR' carboxylic acid where H is replaced with an alkyl group, contains carbonyl group C=O |
| anhydrides | R(C=O)-O-(C=O)R' |
| acyl group | R(C=O)- |
| priority naming: carboxyl, hydroxyl, amino, carbonyl | The highest precedence group takes the suffix, with all others taking the prefix form. However, double and triple bonds only take suffix form (-en and -yn) and are used with other suffixes carboxyl, carbonyl, hydroxyl, amino, |
Created by:
elainero
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