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WGU-Organic Chem 7
Acid-Base Reaction Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| acetic acid CH3COOH | strong acid |
| carbonic acid H2CO3 | strong acid |
| hydrogen sulfide H2S | weak acid |
| dihydrogen phosphate ion H2PO4- | weak acid |
| ammonium ion NH4+ | weak acid |
| hydrocyanic acid HCN | weak acid |
| phenol C6H5OH | weak acid |
| bicarbonate ion HCO3- | weak acid |
| hydrogen phosphate ion HPO4 2- | weak acid |
| water H2O | weak acid |
| ethanol C2H5OH | weak acid |
| Iodide ion | Weak Base |
| chloride ion | Weak Base |
| hydgrogen sulfate ion | Weak Base |
| nitrate ion | Weak Base |
| water | Weak Base |
| sulfate ion | Weak Base |
| dihydrogen phosphate ion | Weak Base |
| acetate ion | Weak Base |
| bicarbonate ion | Strong Base |
| hydrogen sulfide ion | Strong Base |
| hydrogen phosphate ion | Strong Base |
| ammonia | Strong Base |
| cyanide ion | Strong Base |
| phenoxide ion | Strong Base |
| carbonate ion | Strong Base |
| phosphate ion | Strong Base |
| hydroxide ion | Strong Base |
| ethoxide ion | Strong Base |
| most important factor determining relative acidities of organic compounds | stability of molecular structure where the greater the electronegativity of anion formed when H is removed the more stable the more acidic |
| how electronegativity, resonance, and inductive effect determine stability of anions | greater electrondegativity, more resonant structures, delocalized negative charge(neg side and pos side) make better acids that want to give up H+ or proton |
| Hydroiiodic acid HI | strong acid |
| hydrochloric acid HCl | strong acid |
| Sulfuric Acid H2SO4 | strong acid |
| Nitric Acid HNO3 | strong acid |
| Hydronium ion H3O+ | strong acid |
| Hydrogen sulfate ion | strong acid |
| Phosporic Acid H3PO4 | strong acid |
| Arrhenius Acid | dissociate in aqueous solution to form hydrogen ions (H+) |
| Arrhenius Base | which dissociate in aqueous solution to form hydroxide (OH−) ions |
| Bronsted-Lowry Acid | ability to "donate" hydrogen ions (H+) or protons |
| Bronsted-Lowry Base | ability to "accept" hydrogen ions (H+) or protons |
| Rules for using curved arrows | Show the change in position of electron pairs where tail is at electron pair and head shows new position showing bond formation or breaking |
| 1st Rule of writing acceptable Resonance Contributing Structures | must have the same number of valence electrons |
| 2nd Rule of writing acceptable Resonance Contributing Structures | must obey the rules of covalent bonding 2e- for H, 2nd Per. 8e- 3rd Per 12e- |
| 3rd Rule of writing acceptable Resonance Contributing Structures | positions of all nuclei must be the same with differences only in distribution of valence e- |
| 4th Rule of writing acceptable Resonance Contributing Structures | must have the same total number of unpaired and paired e- |
| strong acid | an acid that ionises completely in an aqueous solution by losing one proton |
| strong base | compound that is able to deprotonate very weak acids in an acid-base reaction |
| 1st step to determine position of acid-base equilibrium | identify two acids on each side of equation |
| 2nd step to determine position of acid-base equilibrium | determine which acid is the stronger |
| 3rd step to determine position of acid-base equilibrium | identify the stronger base knowing that the stronger acid gives a weaker base |
| 4th step to determine position of acid-base equilibrium | stronger acid and base react to give weaker acid and base therefore equilibrium goes toward the weaker acid and base |
| Acidity of alcohols, water, and carboxylic acid | alcohols weaker than water and much weaker than carboxylic acids |
Created by:
elainero
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