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WesternCiv Chap 9/10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What was the main source of wealth for Constantinople? | Trade |
| Why did Constantinople remain secure while the cities of the western Roman empire crumbled? | It had strong defenses |
| Which Roman emperor rebuilt the Greek city of Byzantium and renamed it Constantinople? | Constantine |
| What were some of the goods that were sold in Constantinople's marketplace? | Silks, wheat, gems, spices, and furs |
| What cultures influenced the civilization of the Byzantine empire? | Ancient Greek, Roman, and Christian influences |
| Who was the emperor of the Byzantine empire during its peak? | Justinian |
| What was the main purpose of Justinian's military campaigns? | To expand the empire's territory |
| What was the name of the church rebuilt by Justinian? | Hagia Sophia |
| What was the impact of Justinian's Code? | It guided legal thinkers in Western Europe |
| What was a significant military advantage of the Byzantine empire? | The use of Greek fire |
| What were some differences in the way Christianity was practiced in the Byzantine empire compared to Western Europe? | The Byzantine emperor controlled Church affairs and appointed the highest Church official. The Byzantine clergy had the right to marry. The language of the Byzantine Church was Greek. |
| What contributed to the split between the two branches of Christianity during the Middle Ages? | Dispute over the use of icons. |
| What was the result of the Great Schism in 1054? | The Byzantine Church became known as the Eastern Orthodox Church. The Western Church became known as the Roman Catholic Church. The pope and the patriarch excommunicated each other. |
| Why did the Byzantine empire call for Western help during the Crusades? | To fight against the Seljuk Turks who blocked the pilgrimage routes to Jerusalem. |
| What was not an event that led to the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks in 1453? | The schism in Islam between Sunni and Shiite muslims. |
| What was the main influence of Byzantine civilization on Europe during the Middle Ages? | Roman achievements in engineering |
| How did Byzantine artists contribute to Western styles? | By creating icons to evoke the presence of God |
| What was the significance of Procopius' Secret History? | It criticized Emperor Justinian and Theodora |
| Who is considered to be the Western world's first important female historian? | Procopius |
| How did Greek scholars contribute to the European Renaissance? | By leaving Constantinople and teaching at Italian universities |
| What are the three broad regions that shaped early Russian life? | Northern forests, fertile land, and southern steppe |
| How did the Ural Mountains serve as a boundary between Europe and Asia? | They were used by mapmakers as a reference point |
| How did the rivers in Russia contribute to its connection with the Byzantine world? | They allowed for the transportation of goods between Russia and Byzantium |
| Who were the Vikings that settled among the Slavs in Russia? | Tribes from the Varangian region |
| What impact did Mongol rule have on Russia? | It isolated Russia from advancements in western Europe |
| What factors contributed to the increase in power of the princes of Moscow during the Mongol period? | Their control over river trade routes |
| Why did Moscow become both Russia's political and religious center during the Mongol period? | The head of the Russian Orthodox Church made Moscow his capital. |
| How did the princes of Moscow contribute to the defense of Russia against foreign rule? | By leading armies against the Mongols |
| What role did Ivan the Great play in expanding Moscow's power? | He brought much of northern Russia under his rule. |
| How did Ivan the Terrible further centralize royal power in Russia? | By limiting the privileges of the old boyar families |
| What geographic regions border Eastern Europe? | Central Europe and Russia |
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