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Chem unit 3 (chptr5)

Boyle's law, Charles's law, Amonton's law, Avogadro's law, and the ideal gas law

QuestionAnswer
What are the four variables that are used to describe a gas on the macroscopic level? Pressure (P), Volume (V), Temperature (T), Amount of Gas (n). PV=nRT
(Boyle's law) What is the relationship between volume and pressure? Volume and pressure share an inversely proportional relationship. if the temperature and amount of gas remain constant, when the volume of a gas increases, its pressure decreases, and vice versa.
Boyle's law equation? P1xV1=P2xV2. while P1 and V1 are the initial volume and pressure, P2 and V2 are the final pressure and volume.
(Charles law) What is the relationship between volume and temperature? Volume and temperature share a direct relationship. as the temperature of a gas increases, so does its volume, and vice versa.
Charles law equation? (V1/T1) =(V2/T2) V1 and T1 are the initial volume and temperature, and V2 and T2 are the final volume and temperature
(Amonton's law) What is the relationship between pressure and temperature? direct relationship between pressure and temperature. As the temperature of a gas increases, its pressure also increases
Amonton's law equation? also known as Gay-Lussac’s Law. (P1/T1) = (P2/T2) where P1 and T1 are the initial temperature and pressure, and P2 and T2 are the final pressure and temperature.
Describe a pressure thermometer A pressure thermometer is a type of thermometer that measures temperature by observing the pressure changes in a contained gas
(Avogadro's Law) What is the relationship between volume and amount? the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of gas (n). if you increase the number of moles of gas, the volume increases proportionally
Avogadro's law equation? (V1/n1) = (V2/n2) V is the volume of gas and n is the number of moles of gas
According to Avogadro’s law, what happens to the volume of a gas when the amount of gas is decreased? the volume of the gas will also decrease proportionally.
According to Charles’ law, what happens to the volume of a sample of gas when its temperature is increased? its volume increases proportionally.
According to Amontons’ law, what happens to the pressure of a sample of gas when its temperature is decreased? the pressure of the gas decreases proportionally.
According to Boyle’s law what happens to the pressure of a sample of gas when its volume is increased? the pressure of the gas decreases.
Starting from Boyle’s law, Avogadro’s law, and Charles’s law, derive the ideal gas law PV=nRT
ideal gas constant R= 0.08206 (L x atm)/(mol x K) L= liters, K= kelvin
What are the properties of an ideal gas? The size of each gas particle is negligibly small. Collisions between gas particles or the gas particles and the container wall are perfectly elastic, meaning no kinetic energy is lost
When are real gases most ideal? behave ideally at low pressures and high temperatures
There are two general types of gas law problems, what are they? Problems where three variables are known and no change in condition occurs. a change in one of the variables causes a change in one or more of the others. The ideal gas law simplifies to one of the simple gas laws or can result in the combined gas law
what is the combined gas law? (P1V1/n1T1) = (P2V2/n2T2)
Created by: marshallw
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