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Medical Terminology
Building Medical Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ology | study of |
| itis | inflammation |
| stomy | artificial opening |
| tox | poison |
| hypo | below |
| hyper | above |
| pnemo | lung |
| otomy | cutting into |
| pre | before |
| post | after |
| mal | abnormal, bad, |
| bio | life |
| brady | slow |
| algia | pain |
| hemi | half |
| oma | tumor |
| orrhea | discharge, flow |
| therapy | treatment |
| gluc | sweet |
| cell | microscopic structures that carry on all the function of life |
| Cell membrane | outer protective covering of the cell |
| cytoplasm | semi-fluid outside the nucleus |
| Chromatin | located in the nucleus, made of DNA |
| Genes | Carries inherited characteristics |
| genome | total mass of genetic instruction humans inherit from their parents |
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum | Makes cellular products like hormones and lipids |
| Nucleus | Stores and protects cell’s genetic material (DNA) |
| Nucleolus | Produce and assemble the cell’s ribosomes |
| Mitochondria | Generates most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell’s biochemical reactions |
| Golgi Apparatus | Helps process and package proteins and lipid molecules, especially proteins destined to be exported from the cell |
| Lysosome | Breaks down excess or worn-out cell parts |
| Pinocytic Vessel | Carriers of the extracellular fluid into the cell |
| Vacuole | Stores various substances like water, food, pigments, and waste products |
| periosteum | the outer covering the bone. |
| medullary cavity | the hollow area inside bones that contains marrow |
| organelles | that help to a cell to function. |
| compact bone | dense and strong ,forms the outer layer of the bone. |
| centrosome | local in the cytoplasm and near the nucleus. |
| nephron | The functional unit of the kidney |
| Renal | pertaining to the kidneys |
| ureter | the tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder. |
| urinary | filters blood to maintain fluids and electrolyte balance in the body. |
| Glomerulus | A cluster of capillaries within the nephron responsible for filtering blood. |
| lymphatic | carries some tissue fluid and wastes to blood, assists with fighting infection |
| Respiratory | Breathes in oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide |
| Endocrine | produces and secretes hormones to regulate body processes |
| Reproductive | Provides for reproduction |
| Digestive | digests food physically and chemically, transports food,absorbs nutrients, eliminates waste |
| integumentary | Protects body from injury,infection,and dehydration; helps regulates body temperature. |
| Skeletal | creates framework of body,protects internal organs,produces blood cells, acts as levers for muscles |
| connective tissue | the supporting fabric of organs and other body parts |
| epithelial tissue | covers the surface of the body and is the main tissue in the skin |
| nerve tissue | made up of special cells called neurons |
| muscle tissue | produces power and movement by contraction of muscle fibers |
| special senses | allow body to react to environment by providing sight,hearing,taste,smell and balance |
| Midsagittal Plane | Divides the body into left and right sides |
| Transverse Plane | Horizontal Plan that divides the body into top half and bottom half |
| Body Planes | Imaginary lines drawn through the body at various parts to separate the body into sections |
| Frontal Plane | Divides the body into the front section |
| Coronal Plane | Divides the body into the back section |
| Anterior/ventral | Body parts in front of the body |
| Posterior/dorsal | Body parts in the back of the body |
| Proximal | Used to describe extremities in relation to the trunk/closest to the trunk |
| Distal | Used to describe extremities in relation to the trunk/ Farthest away from |
| Inferior | below |
| Superior | above |
| RUQ | Right Upper Quadrant of the abdomen |
| LUQ | Left Upper Quadrant of the abdomen |
| LLQ | Left lower Quadrant of the abdomen |
| RLQ | Right Lower Quadrant of the abdomen |
| Epigastric Region | Center of the abdomen ( above the stomach) |
| Pelvic Region | Below the stomach |
| Body Cavities | Spaces within the body that contain vital organs |
| Dorsal Cavity | Along the back of the body |
| Cranial Cavity | Contains the brain |
| Pelvic Cavity | Contains the bladder and reproductive organs |
| Abdominal Cavity | Contains the stomach, small intestines, most of the large intestines, appendix, liver,gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen |
| Orbital Cavity | Contains the eye |
| Nasal Cavity | Contains the sinuses, nose, |
| Buccal Cavity | Contains the mouth, teeth |
| Lymphatic System | Consist of lymph, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, and lymphatic tissue |
| Lymph | Thin watery fluid composed of intercellular, or interstitial fluid which forms when plasma diffuses into tissue spaces |
| Lymphatic vessel | located throughout the body in almost all tissues that have blood vessels, |
| Lymphatic capillaries | small lymph vessels that act like drain pipes |
| lacteals | located in the small intestine |
| Lymph nodes | called glands and located all over the body in clusters |
| Chyle | Lymph mixed with fat |
| Right lymphatic duct | a short tube that receives all of the purified lymph from the right side of the head, neck chest and arm |
| Thoracic duct | large tube that drains lymph from the rest of the body |
| Cristerna chyli | a pouch like structure at the start of the thoracic duct that stores purified lymph |
| Tonsils | masses of lymphatic tissue that filter interstitial fluid |
| Spleen | an organ located beneath the left side of the diaphragm , back and upper part of the stomach |
| Thymus | mass of lymph tissue located in the center of the upper chest |
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