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APWH 4.1-4.4 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Primogeniture Laws | the right, by law or custom, of the firstborn noble child to inherit the family estate, in preference to siblings. In the absence of children, the inheritance is passed to collateral relatives, in seniority, typically to males. |
| Omani-European Rivalry | a trade rivalry between the Omani of the Middle East and the European traders |
| Maritime Empires | colonized the Americas; in the process, killed off thousands of native populations, expanded their power through control of labor and resources in their colonies |
| Prince Henry the Navigator | (1394-1460) Prince of Portugal who established an observatory and school of navigation at Sagres and directed voyages that spurred the growth of Portugal's colonal empire |
| Caravel | small, highly maneuverable three-masted ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in the exploration of the Atlantic. |
| Mercantilism | an economic system to increase a nation's wealth by government regulation of all of the nation's commercial interests. |
| Trading Post Empire | type of empire established by Portuguese in Indian Ocean trading arena. They sought to control the commerce in the area and did not want to control large areas of land |
| Ferdinand Magellan | Portuguese navigator who led the Spanish expedition of 1519-1522 that was the first to sail around the world (circumnavigate). |
| Galleons | large, heavily armed ships used to carry silver from New World colonies to Spain; basis for convoy system utilized by Spain for transportation of bullion. |
| Northwest Passage | a water route between the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans along the northern coast of North America |
| Columbian Exchange | the exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages. |
| Engenhos | Portuguese term for sugar cane mill and the associated facilities |
| Cash crop | a crop produced for its commercial value rather than for use by the grower |
| African Diaspora | the separation of Africans from their homeland through centuries of forced removal to serve as slaves in the Americas and elsewhere |
| Creole | a language the results from the mixing of a colonizer's language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated |
| Indentured servitude | a worker bound by a voluntary agreement to work for a specified period of years often in return for free passage to an overseas destination. Before 1800, most were Europeans. After 1800, more indentured laborers were Asians |
| Chattel slavery | absolute legal ownership of another person, including the right to buy or sell that person |
| East India Company | an English company formed in 1600 to develop trade with the new British colonies in India and Southeastern Asia |
| Sepoys | Indian troops who served in the British army |
| Hernan Cortes | 1485-1547; Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico |
| Francisco Pizarro | Spanish explorer who conquered the Incas in what is now Peru and founded the city of Lima (1475-1541) |
| Treaty of Tordesillas | an agreement between Portugal and Spain which declared that newly discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain and newly discovered lands to the east of the line would belong to Portugal |
| Great Peace of Montreal | a peace agreement between the French and the Iroquois |
| Encomienda | system in Spanish America that gave settlers the right to tax local Indians or to demand their labor in exchange for protecting them and teaching them skills |
| Encomendero | holder of an encomienda; able to use Indians as workers or to tax them |
| colonies | a group of people who leave their native country to form in a new land a settlement subject to, or connected with, the parent nation |
| Middle Passage | a voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies |
| Polygyny | the practice or condition of a man having more than one wife at a time. |
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lottiek23