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Chemistry

Unit 4 vocabulary

QuestionAnswer
Amplitude- The height of a wave's crest.
Atomic EmissionSpectrum The pattern formed when light passes through a prism or diffraction grating to separate it into the different frequencies of light it contains.
Atomic Orbital The region of space around the nucleus where there is a high probability of finding an electrom
Aufbau Principle The rule that electrons occupy the orbitals of lowest energy first.
Crest- The peak or top of awave pattern.
Electromagnetic Radiation- a form of energy that si produced by oscillating electric and magnetic disturbance, or by the movement of electrically charged particles traveling through a vacuum or matter.
Electron Configuration The arrangement of electrons ni an atom in its ground state.
Energy Level- The specific energies an electron can have.
Excited State- A higher energy state of an atom.
Frequency- The number of wave cycles that pass a given point per unit of time.
Ground State- The lowest possible energy of an atom.
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle- It is impossible to know exactly both the velocity and the position of a particle at the same time.
Hertz- The unit of frequency, equal to one cycle per second.
Hund's Rule electrons occupy orbitals of the same energy ni a way that makes the number of electrons with the same spin direction as large as possible.
Kernel (Core) Electrons- Electrons in lower occupied energy levels of an atom; not the outermost layer of electrons
Octet Rule- Atoms react to gain or lose electrons to acquire the electron structure of a noble gas.
Pauli Exclusion Principle- An atomic orbital may describe at most two electrons, each with opposite spin direction.
Photoelectric Effect- An ejection of eletrons by certain metals when they absorb light with afrequency above athreshold frequency.
Photon- Aquantum of light; a discrete bundle of electromagnetic energy that interacts with matter.
Planck's Constant- anumber used to calculate the radiant energy absorbed or emitted by a body based on the frequency of radiation.
Quantum Mechanical Model- the modern description, primarily mathematical of the behavior of electrons in atoms
Speed of Light- the constant length of time ti takes light to travel a distance; 3.0 x 10 8 m/s
Spin- the rotation of the electrons around an atom.
Trough- The valley or bottom of a wave pattern.
Valence Electrons- Electrons in the highest occupied energy level of an atom; the outermost layer of electrons.
Visible Spectrum- the portion of electromagnetic radiation that humans can see with their eyes.
Wavelength- The distance between adjacent crests of a wave.
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