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KIN 216
Chapter 18
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nervous systems can be classified based on level of ___________ | Consciousness |
| What are the two devisions of the autonomic nervous system? | Sympathetic and Parasympathetic |
| The __________ nervous system is a system that works on processes that are perceived or consciously controlled | Somatic |
| Somatic motor portion of somatic nervous system controls __________ _________ | Skeletal muscles |
| The ______________ nervous system is a motor system that regulates processes below the conscious level to maintain homeostasis | Autonomic |
| The ________________ nervous system reflexively responds to visceral sensory inputs | Autonomic |
| The _______________ nervous system sends impulses to cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands | Autonomic |
| ___________ neurons of the ___________ nervous system consist of 1 lower motor neuron axon which extends from the spinal cord to skeletal muscle fibers | Motor; somatic |
| Motor neurons of the ____________ nervous system have cell bodies within the ___________ or _______ _________ | somatic; Brainstem or spinal cord |
| ____________ neurons of the _________ nervous system have a large myelinated axon | Motor; somatic |
| __________ neurons of the ________ nervous system release acetylcholine to stimulate muscle contractions | Motor; somatic |
| __________ neurons of the _______________ nervous system are two chained neurons which innervate involuntary muscles and glands | Motor; autonomic |
| __________ are clusters of neuron cell bodies; act as a relay center between preganglionic and ganglionic neurons | Ganglia |
| Motor neurons of the ANS have the preganglionic neuron in the _________ or ________ ________ | Brain or spinal cord |
| Motor neurons in the ANS have a thin, myelinated preganglionic axon that extends to _________ ______ within an autonomic ganglion in ___________ nervous system | Second cell; peripheral |
| Motor neurons of the ANS ________ excites the second cell | ACh |
| Motor neurons of the ANS the ______________ neuron is the second neuron | Ganglionic |
| Moto neurons in the ANS the _____________ neuron is the thin, unmyelinated postganglionic axon that extends to ____________ cells | Ganglionic; effector |
| In motor neurons in the ANS the ganglionic neuron excites or inhibits the effort with either ________ or ______________________ | ACh or norepinephrine |
| ANS or SNS: Two motor neurons are involved with an autonomic ganglion | Autonomic nervous system |
| ANS or SNS: One motor unit runs from CNS to innervated muscle | Somatic nervous system |
| ANS or SNS: the motor unit is a chain of two motor neurons (pre-ganglionic and post ganglionic) | Autonomic Nervous system |
| ANS or SNS: The motor unit is a single motor neuron and muscle fibers innervated | Somatic nervous system |
| ANS or SNS: Pre-ganglionic neuron is thin, lightly myelinated the post-ganglionic neuron is thinner and unmyelinated | Autonomic nervous system |
| ANS or SNS: thick and myelinated axons | Somatic nervous system |
| ANS or SNS: has either excitatory or inhibitory effect | Autonomic nervous system |
| ANS or SNS: Only has excitatory effects | Somatic nervous system |
| ANS or SNS: Neurotransmitter is ACh or norepinephrine; receptors are scattered throughout the organ | Autonomic nervous system |
| ANS or SNS: Neurotransmitter is ACh at motor endplate | Somatic nervous system |
| The _______________ division of the ANS is the craniosacral devision | Parasympathetic |
| The ________________ division of the ANS helps conserve energy and replenish nutrient stores | Parasympathetic |
| The ________________ division of the ANS is the lumbosacral division | Sympathetic |
| The ________________ division of the ANS prepares the body for emergencies; increases alertness and makes nutrients avalable for use | Sympathetic |
| Parasympathetic or sympathetic: Preganglionic neuron cell bodies are found the the brainstem, lateral gray matter of S2-S4 spinal cord segmetns | Parasympathetic |
| Parasympathetic or sympathetic: Preganglionic neuron cell bodies are found in the later horn of T1-L2 spinal cord segments | Sympathetic |
| Parasympathetic or sympathetic: preganglionic axons are long and postganglionic axons are short | Parasympathetic |
| Parasympathetic or sympathetic: preganglionic axons are short and postganglionic axons are long | Sympathetic |
| Parasympathetic or sympathetic: There are few (less than 4) preganglionic axon branches | Parasympathetic |
| Parasympathetic or sympathetic: there are many (more than 20) preganglionic axon branches | Sympathetic |
| Parasympathetic or sympathetic: ganglia are in or close to the effector | Parasympathetic |
| Parasympathetic or sympathetic: ganglia are near the spinal cord | Sympathetic |
| In the parasympathetic devision ____________ ganglia are close to the target organ | terminal |
| In the parasympathetic devision ________________ ganglia are in the wall of the target organ | Intramural |
| What 4 cranial nerves are associated with the parasympathetic devision? | Oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal, and the vagus nerve |
| In the sympathetic devision preganglionic neuron cell body axons travel with ___________ _________ axons to exit the spinal cord via ________ _________ and then T__-L__ spinal nerves | somatic motor; anterior roots; T1-L2 |
| ____________ ________ are located anterior to spinal nerves and immediately lateral to vertebral column | Sympathetic trunks |
| White and gray rami connect sympathetic trunk to each _________ ________ | Spinal nerve |
| ______________ __________ ________ house sympathetic ganglionic neuron cell bodies (one sympathetic ganglion for each spinal nerve) | Sympathetic trunk ganglia |
| All ________________ _______________ neurons originate at lateral gray horns of T1-L2 (spinal cord) | Sympathetic preganglionic |
| Axons of sympathetic preganglionc neurons leave the nerves and travel through ________ _________ to enter sympathetic trunk | White rami |
| Once inside sympathetic trunks preganglionic axons can... | 1) remain at the level of entry 2) travel superiorly or inferiorly (in the trunk) |
| List the 4 pathways axons can exit the sympathetic trunk | 1) Spinal nerve pathway 2) postganglionic sympathetic nerve pathway 3) splanchnic nerve pathway and 4) Adrenal medulla nerve pathway |
| In the spinal nerve pathway the first and second neuron synapse in the ____________ ____________ | Sympathetic trunk |
| The ___________ _________ pathway innervates sweat glands, blood vessels in the skin (torso, limbs, and neck) | Spinal nerve |
| In the postganglionic sympathetic pathway preganglionic and ganglionic neurons synapse in the _____________ __________ | Sympathetic trunk |
| The ________________ __________ pathway innervates the esophagus, heart, lungs, and blood vessels (thoracic cavity) | Postganglionic sympathetic |
| In the splanchnic nerve pathway the ________________ axon passes through trunk and terminates in collateral ganglion | Preganglionic |
| In the splanchnic nerve pathway the ______________ axon extends to target organ | Postganglionic |
| In the _______________ ________ pathway there is no synapse between preganglionic and trunk ganglia | Splanchnic nerve |
| The ______________ _________ pathway innervates most abdominal organs (stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, and large intestine) & pelvic organs (urinary bladder, ureters, and reproductive organs) | Splanchnic nerve |
| In the adrenal medulla pathway the ______________ axon passes through trunk and collateral ganglion | Preganglionic |
| In the ______________ __________ pathway the preganglionic axon directly synapses with neurosecratory cells within adrenal medulla (internal region of adrenal gland) | Adrenal medulla |
| Neurosecretory cells release _______________ and __________________ | Epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| ______________ divison may modulate activity in one effector or many effectors simultaneously | Sympathetic |
| In crisis situations _______ __________ occurs | Mass activation |
| ________ ___________ increases alertness, energy availability, heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate and depth | Mass activation |
| ___________ ___________ are collections of sympathetic postganglionic axons, parasympathetic preganglionic axons, and visceral sensory axons that innervate specific organs | Autonomic plexuses |
| ___________ plexus controls heart rate, force of cardiac contraction, and blood pressure | Cardiac |
| __________ plexus controls airway and mucus secretions | Pulmonary |
| ___________ plexus controls swallowing | Esophageal |
| _____________ _________ plexus controls celiac (solar) plexus, superior mesenteric plexus, inferior mesenteric plexus | Abdominal aortic |
| _____________ plexus innervates pelvic vicera | Hypogastric |
| The ____________ is the integration center for autonomic nervous system; crucial in emotion; regulates visceral function | Hypothalamus |
| The _____________ affects cardiovascular functions, digestive functions, eye's pupil and lens shape | Brainstem |
| The ___________ __________ is important parasympathetic reflexes for defecation and urination | Spinal cord |
Created by:
sschichtel