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Bio Chapter 8
DNA replication, Binary Fission, and Mitosis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| When in mitosis does the cytoplasm divide, and the cell contents are separated into two separate cells? | Cytokinesis |
| When in mitosis do the chromosomes become aligned along the equatorial plane of the cell? | Metaphase |
| When in mitosis does chromosome replication occurs? | S phase |
| When in mitosis does the migration of the daughter chromosomes to the two poles occur | Anaphase |
| The drug colchicine inhibits the formation of spindle fibers. If you treat dividing cells with colchicine, at what stage of mitosis would cells be stalled? | metaphase |
| Describe the two key events that occur during anaphase of mitosis. | Centromeres split as sister chromatids separate and they move to opposite poles of the cell |
| How is a chromosome in the G1 phase different from a chromosome in the G2 phase? | Chromosome in G1 only contains one DNA molecule while chromosome in G2 contains two identical DNA molecules |
| Some organisms reproduce by binary fission or mitosis, how do these organisms generate the genetic diversity required for evolution of a population to take place? | Through rare mutations |
| Which of the following features distinguishes plant cell division? a. a cleavage furrow forms b. cytokinesis doesn't occur c. cell plate forms d. four clones are produced e. multiple asters are present at each spindle pole | A cell plate forms. |
| process that replicates DNA and distributes it to two daughter cells | binary fission |
| - a ring-shaped structure that forms during cytokinesis, the final step of cell division, to separate a cell into two | contractile ring |
| the new cell wall that forms between two daughter cells as a result of cell division | septum |
| describe interphase | cell grows and DNA is replicated |
| describe G1 phase | the cell grows in size and synthesizes mRNA and protein that are required for DNA synthesis |
| describe s phase | the stage of the cell cycle where DNA is replicated and the centrosome is duplicated |
| describe g2 phase | the preparatory phase of mitosis, when cells prepare to divide by synthesizing proteins and lipids, growing, and repairing DNA |
| describe prophase | chromosomes condense, spindle forms as centrosomes more to opposite poles, nuclear envelope breaks up, and spindle fibers attach to kinetochores on chromosomes |
| a thread-like structure found inside the nucleus of a cell, composed of DNA tightly coiled around proteins, which carries genetic information in the form of genes | chromosome |
| identical copies of a chromosome that are joined together at the centromere | sister chromatids |
| a complex structure in eukaryotic cells that separates chromosomes during cell division. It's made up of microtubules, motor proteins, and other proteins | spindle apparatus |
| links a pair of sister chromatids together during cell division | centromere |
| describe metaphase | chromosomes line up along equator of cell |
| an imaginary line that runs through the center of a cell during the metaphase stage of cell division | metaphase plate |
| describe anaphase | centromeres split as chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of cell |
| a chromosome that results from the separation of sister chromatids during cell division | daughter chromosomes |
| describe telophase | nuclear envelope and nucleus form at each pole, chromosomes decondense, spindle disappears |
| describe cytokinesis | division of the cytoplasm into two cells |
| a groove that forms in the surface of a cell during cytokinesis | cleavage furrow |
| a structure that forms in plant cells during cytokinesis, the process of cell division, and that eventually becomes the cell wall between the two new daughter cells | cell plate |
| describe the process of binary fission | as cell prepares to divide, DNA is replicated and attaches to inside of cell membrane. cell membrane extends, separating 2 nucleoids. Cell membrane grows b/w 2 DNA molecules, portioning them off. cell wall forms in middle and 2 daughter cells form |
| roles of mitosis | growth and development, repair tissue, regenerate lost body parts, reproduction |
| you examine an animal cell under the microscope and see the chromosomes lined up single file on the center of the spindle. What mitotic stage are you observing? | metaphase |
| which of the following features distinguishes plant cell division? a) a cleavage furrow forms b) cytokinesis does not occur c) a cell plate forms d) four clones are produced e) multiple asters are present at each spindle pore | a cell plate forms |
| in the process of transcription________ a)DNA is replicated b) RNA is synthesized c) proteins are synthesized d) mRNA attaches to ribosomes e)nucleoli are formed | RNA is synthesized |
| DNA replication occurs during the _______ phase of the cell cycle | S phase |
| cytokinesis occurs during | telophase |
| centromeres split and sister chromatids separate during ______ | anaphase |
| currently, most of your cells are in the _______ stage of the cell cycle | G0 |
| clones can be produced by ________ and _________. | mitosis and binary fission |
| Binary fission is a form of ______reproduction and separates replicated________ using a _________ and is performed by __________ organisms | asexual; DNA, prokaryotic |
Created by:
hbhull05