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CONTEMP WEEK 12
Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| _______-is the scientific study of human populations. It is the scientific study of the determinants and consequences of human population trends. | Demography |
| ____-coined in 1855 by Achille Guillard, who used it in the title of his book Éléments de Statistique Humaine ou Démographie Comparée. | Demography |
| Demography coined in _____ by ______, who used it in the title of his book __________. | 1855 Achille Guillard Éléments de Statistique Humaine ou Démographie Comparée |
| _____ Greek words: demos, which means people, and graphein, which means to write about a particular subject (in this instance, population). | Demography |
| Demography Greek words: ______, which means _____, and ______, which means ______ about a particular subject (in this instance, population). | demos, which means people, and graphein, which means to write about a particular subject |
| _________ defined demography as “the mathematical knowledge of populations, their general movements, and their physical, civil, intellectual and moral state” | Guillard Guillard 1855:xxvi |
| ______ how many people there are in a given place | population size |
| _____ how the number of people in that place is changing over time | population growth or decline |
| ______: increase | Population growth: increase |
| Population growth: ______ | Population growth: increase |
| ________: decrease | Population decline: decrease |
| Population decline: ______ | Population decline: decrease |
| _______ the levels and trends in fertility, mortality, and migration that are determining population size and change and which can be thought of as capturing life’s three main moments: hatching, matching, and dispatching | population processes |
| life’s three main moments: GIVE | hatching, matching, and dispatching |
| _______ where people are located and why | population distribution |
| ______ how many males and females there are of each age | population structure |
| ____ what people are like in a given place, in terms of variables such as education, income, occupation, family and household relationships, immigrant and refugee status, and the many other characteristics that add up to who we are as individuals or | population characteristics |
| _____ is the term that has become associated with practical applications of population information | Demographics |
| _____ (Eberstadt 2001; Wattenberg 1997), implying that “the world is in for some rapid downsizing | population implosion |
| _____ number of deaths | Mortality |
| ___ the level of reproduction in a society | Fertility |
| ____ records of births, deaths, marriages, and divorces | Vital statistics |
| _____ is the number of live births per 1,000 population in a given year | Birthrate |
| _____ is the average number of children born alive to any women, assuming that she conforms to current fertility rates | Total fertility rate |
| ______ is the number of deaths per 1,000 population in a given year | Death rate |
| _________ is the number of deaths of infants under one year of age per 1,000 live births in a given year | Infant mortality rate |
| _____ the median number of years a person can expected to live under current mortality conditions | Life expectancy |
| _____ of the society is the difference between births and deaths, plus the difference between ____ (those who enter a country to establish permanent residence) and _____ (those who leave a country permanently) per 1,000 population | Growth rate immigrants emigrants |
| ____ the maximum length of life that is biologically possible for a member of a given species | Life span |
| The Malthusian Theory? WHO? | Thomas Robert Malthus |
| Thomas Robert Malthus? WHAT? | The Malthusian Theory |
| ________ was an 18thcentury British philosopher and economist noted for the Malthusian growth model, an exponential formula used to project population growth. | Thomas Robert Malthus |
| ____________ an exponential formula used to project population growth. | the Malthusian growth model |
| ___________ The theory states that food production will not be able to keep up with growth in the human population, resulting in disease, famine, war, and calamity. | The Malthusian Theory the Malthusian growth model |
| _____________ (1766-1834) | Thomas Malthus (1766-1834) |
| Thomas Malthus (_____-______) | Thomas Malthus (1766-1834) |
| ___________ was the first person to draw widespread attention to the two components of natural increase – births and deaths (fertility and mortality). | Thomas Malthus (1766-1834) |
| Thomas Malthus (1766-1834) was the first person to draw widespread attention to the two components of natural increase – ______ and ______ (______ and _______). | – births and deaths (fertility and mortality). |
| ______ • He wrote an essay titled “Essay on the Principle of Population” initially published in 1789. | Thomas Malthus (1766-1834) |
| Thomas Malthus (1766-1834) wrote an essay titled “__________” initially published in _____. | Essay on the Principle of Population 1789 |
| _______- He postulated that population tended to grow geometrically, while the means of subsistence grew only arithmetically. | Thomas Malthus (1766-1834) |
| Thomas Malthus postulated that population tended to grow _______, while the means of subsistence grew only arithmetically. | geometrically |
| ________ He also mentioned that population was held in equilibrium with the slowly growing economy. | Thomas Malthus (1766-1834) |
| Thomas Malthus - He also mentioned that population was held in ___________ with the slowly growing economy. | equilibrium |
| _______- Faster population growth would depress wages, causing mortality to rise due to famine, war, or disease. | Thomas Malthus |
| __________ Depressed wages would cause postponement of marriage, resulting in prostitution and other vices (contraception); this he called the “preventive check.” | Thomas Malthus |
| Thomas Malthus - Depressed wages would cause postponement of marriage, resulting in prostitution and other vices (contraception); this he called the “________.” | preventive check |
| Only through __________- the chaste postponement of marriage-did Malthus believe that humanity might avoid this fate, and he thought this as an unlikely outcome. | moral restraint |
| Contrary to what Malthus predicted, _______ has not risen to curb world population growth. | mortality |
| Malthus did not recognize the force of the _______ Revolution, which produced exponential growth in the means of subsistence | Industrial |
| _______- refers to the transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops from a pre-industrial to an industrialized economic syste | Demographic transition |
| the process whereby a country moves from high birth and high death rates to low birth and low death rates with an interstitial spurt in population growth, accompanied by a set of other transitions, including the migration transition | |
| The original model of the demographic transition is divided roughly into ______ stages. | three |
| ______ stage there is high growth potential because both birth and death rates are high. | first stage |
| _______ stage is the transition from high to low birth and death rates. | second stage |
| _____ stage During this stage the growth potential is realized as the death rate drops before the birth rate drops, resulting in rapid population growth. | second stage |
| _____ stage is a time when death rates are as low as they are likely to go, while fertility may continue to decline to the point that the population might eventually decline in numbers | last stage |
| GIVE THE 4 STAGES | Stage 1: Preindustrial Society Stage 2: Early Industrial Society Stage 3: Late Industrial Society Stage 4: Post Industrial Society |
| ______ high and unstable birth and death rates, slow population growth rate, importance of children, low life expectancy | Stage 1: Preindustrial Society |
| ______ high birth rates, falling death rate, high population growth | Stage 2: Early Industrial Society |
| _____ low death rate, falling birth rate, high population growth | Stage 3: Late Industrial Society |
| _______ low birth and death rates, low population growth | Stage 4: Post Industrial Society |
| The theory is based on ______ societies. | Western |
| It is not inevitable that there will be a fall in _____ rates in less developed countries. | fertility |
| GIVE TOP 10 MOST POPULOUS CONTRIES | |
| _________ states that fertility is declining in the less developed countries at a rate which exceeds the rate of decline that was experienced in developed countries. | Fertility Transition Theory |
| The theory asserts that while economic development can create a climate conducive to reductions in fertility, it is a change in cultural attitude about large families and willingness to use contraception that matters, aside from the presence | Fertility Transition Theory |
| ________________ also called an "age-gender-pyramid", | population pyramid |
| A population pyramid, also called an "__________" | age-gender-pyramid |
| _________ is a graphical illustration that shows the distribution of various age groups in a population (typically that of a country or region of the world), which forms the shape of a pyramid when the population is growing. | population pyramid |
| ________ are important graphs for visualizing how populations are composed when looking a groups divided by age and sex. | Population pyramids |
| There are three trends in population pyramids: GIVE 3 | expansive, constrictive, and stationary |
| _______ The first is when there are both high fertility and high mortality rates among younger members. | “expansive |
| ________ creates a sharp triangle shape in the graph. | “expansive |
| ________ mean that the population does not increase much in total number and has many young people. | “expansive |
| _______ is when there is a lower mortality rate with the fertility rate remaining constant. | constrictive |
| ______ These population pyramids are wider in the middle of the graph as the population has high numbers of middle aged and elderly people, but fewer young people | constrictive |
| ____________ which is a population with low mortality and low fertility rates. | stationary |
| These graphs have a square or “pillar” shape rather than a pyramid one. | stationary |
| These population pyramids represent a stable population that will not change significantly barring any sudden changes to fertility or mortality rates. | stationary |
Created by:
Pogo Geto