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AP GOV unit 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pork Barrel Spending | when money is given to politicians to use within in their own districts or state to gain votes and support. |
| Log rolling | When politicians agree to vote a certain way on member votes so members vote back in their favor. or for money |
| Over Sight | Congress makes sure that executive branch is enforcing laws how it was wrote. |
| Powers of senate | Confirm judges and cabinet, filibuster and cloture, conduct impeachment trials, longer terms 6 years. |
| Powers of House | Put taxes in place, impeach a president, 2 year term, strict rules on debates, more representative of people. |
| Constituents | people in a district |
| Apportionment | process of determing the number of representatives in each state using census data |
| Gerry mandering (Partisan) | The process of redistricting areas to give a political party an advantage packing is putting all a party together and letting it win less disritcts and cracking breaking up one party so they lose |
| Incumbency | members in government being re elected jest because they are already in government |
| Baker VS Carr | Required Tennessee to redraw boundaries because they hadn't since 1981 |
| House | Speaker of the house, majority leader, minority leader, whips |
| Senate | VP, pro tempore, majority leader, minority leader, whips |
| Mandatory spending | Social security , medicare, medicaid, unemployment and disabilities interest on national debt |
| Discretionary spending | Defense, education, transportation, Housing and Urban Development, Research and Development,Environmental Protection |
| Bipartisanship | two party system |
| Presidential pardon | abilities for president criminals |
| Executive privilege | the ability for the executive government to with hold information from the people and congress. |
| Executive agreement | the ability for congress and a foreign government to make a pact without senate approval |
| Signing statement | A statement the president writes that that explains there interpretation and understanding of a law and express any concerns |
| Formal powers of the president | Veto power, commander in chief, treaty making power appoitment power state of union adress |
| Informal powers president | Executive agreements, executive orders, bully pulpit, party leader, crisis managment |
| War Powers Resolution | It limited presidential ability to engage troops in war withou congress approval |
| Executive Office of the President | is a collection of agencies and offices that support the President of the United States in carrying out their responsibilities. |
| Bully pulpit | The preisdent ability to adress the people and influence them through media and more. |
| Original jurisdiction | The authority of a court to hear a case for the first time listen to all facts and make a first decision. |
| Appellate jurisdiction | The authority of a court to hear a case and review the decisions of lower courts and potentially overturn the decision. |
| Federalist no. 78 | The federal courts have the duty to determine whether acts of Congress are constitutional and to follow the Constitution when there is inconsistency. |
| Marbury v Madison | This case determined the power of judicial review because the courts realized they needed a check on legislative and executive. |
| Judicial review | Judicial review is the power of courts to examine the actions of the legislative and executive branches of government and determine whether those actions are constitutional. |
| Federal district courts | It is a trial court each district has at least 1 |
| Precedent | It is when a court follows decisions made earlier in the case. If a higher court made a decison the lower court will respect it |
| Stare decisis | a legal principal that means courts should follow previous ruling |
| Majority opinion | Official statement of the court that reflects the views of more than half of the judges in a case. |
| Concurring opinion | Written by a judge who agrees with the majority opinion but has additional reasons or a different perspective on the case. |
| Dissenting opinion | A dissenting opinion is written by a judge who disagrees with the majority opinion in a case. |
| Judicial restraint | Judicial restraint is a principle that encourages courts to limit their own power and defer to the decisions made by the legislative and executive branches of government. |
| Bureaucrat | A bureaucrat is an official or employee in a government or organization who works within a structured administrative system. |
| Patronage | Patronage refers to the practice of appointing individuals to government positions or providing them with benefits based on their political support or connections, rather than on merit. |
| Merit system | The merit system is a way of hiring and promoting government workers based on their skills and qualifications, rather than political connections. |
| Iron Triangle | Mutual benefit relationship between Congressional Committees, Bureaucratic Agencies, Interest Groups |
| Issue network | Similar to the iron triangle but larger and more diverse and also come together over a speciic topic |
| Implementation | Is the process of executing laws and policies after they are enacted. |
| Bureaucratic discretion | Bureaucratic discretion refers to the ability of government officials and agencies to make choices and exercise judgment in the implementation of laws and policies. |
| Regulation | Ability of government officials and agencies to make choices and exercise judgment in the implementation of laws and policies. |
| State of the union | An annual speech delivered by the President of the United States to a joint session of Congress. |
Created by:
petercostello