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MAP
Endocrine System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Endocrine System Functions | Acts with the nervous system to coordinate functions of all other body systems; releases hormones (mediators); Hormones act on target cells which are cells that have the specific hormone receptor; slower and longer lasting response |
| Endocrine Glands | Pituitary thyroid parathyroid pineal adrenal |
| Hormone | Means to excite or get moving; These are chemical messengers released by one tissue (gland) and transported by the bloodstream to reach the target tissues. |
| Hypothalamus | Connection between the nervous and endocrine system; Releases hormones (RFs and IFs) that controls the release of hormones from the Anterior Pituitary Gland |
| antidiuretic hormone (ADH) | influences the absorption of water by kidney tubules |
| oxytocin hormone | Produce: Hypothalamus Released - posterior pituitary Target: Uterus, Mammary Gland Functions: Stimulates uterine contraction during childbirth and milk release |
| pituitary gland | The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands. |
| Growth Hormone (HGH) | Anterior Pituitary Gland Targets all cell bodies Stimulates cell growth and repair |
| Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) | stimulates secretion from thyroid gland which regulates metabolism |
| Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) | Stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids from the adrenal glands |
| thyroid gland | endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck |
| Thyroxine (T4) | regulates metabolism |
| Triiodothyronine (T3) | thyroid hormone that stimulated cellular metabolism |
| adrenal glands | a pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and secrete hormones |
| adrenal cortex | the outer portion of the adrenal glands |
| adrenal medulla | Inner portion of the adrenal glands |
| Cortisol | stress hormone released by the adrenal cortex |
| Epinenphrine | fight or flight |
| Norepinephrine | helps control alertness and arousal |
| Pancreas | Regulates the level of sugar in the blood |
| glucagon | A protein hormone secreted by pancreatic endocrine cells that raises blood glucose levels; an antagonistic hormone to insulin. |
| Insulin | A protein hormone synthesized in the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into tissues |
| Hypothyroidism | condition of hyposecretion of the thyroid gland causing low thyroid levels in the blood that result in sluggishness, slow pulse, and often obesity |
| Hyperthyroidism | excessive activity of the thyroid gland |
| Gigantism | hypersecretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary before puberty, leading to abnormal overgrowth of body tissues |
| acromegaly | abnormal enlargement of the extremities |
| Dwarfism | Condition caused by insufficient growth hormone in childhood |
| Cretinism | condition of congenital hypothyroidism in children that results in a lack of mental development and dwarfed physical stature; the thyroid gland is either congenitally absent or imperfectly developed |
| myxedema | caused by extreme deficiency of thyroid secretion; also known as adult hypothyroidism |
| exophthalmos | abnormal protrusion of the eyeball |
| Goiter | enlargement of the thyroid gland |
| diabetes insipidus (DI) | antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is not secreted, or there is a resistance of the kidney to ADH |
| Diabetes mellitus type 1 | insulin is functionally absent due to destruction of beta cells of pancreas; Starts in children ages 4 or older, adolescence. symptoms include polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, nausea, weight loss, fatigue, blurred vision, and dehydration |
| Diabetes mellitus type 2 | A disease in which the body is unable to use glucose for energy as a result either of inadequate insulin production in the pancreas or resistance to insulin on the cellular level. |
| Cushing Syndrome | group of signs and symptoms produced by excess cortisol from the adrenal cortex |
Created by:
carlingt