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POA test 2
z-chap 4-6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| mindfulness | paying attention, moment to moment, to live experience by focusing on sensations, feelings, and thoughts |
| dimensions of meditation | focused attention, open monitoring (allowing thoughts to come and go). being physically still or in movement |
| meditation- | a disciplined approach. experiencing the world using practices that guide the meditator toward mental habits. focusing attention elsewhere from a ruminating thought |
| goals of meditation | selflessness, compassion, making meaning of life, live in balance and harmony |
| stress | a response we make form a stimulus/event that disturbs our equilibrium, exceeds our ability to cope, leading to _____ |
| stressors | internal-illness, injury, anxiety external- job, school, money, relationships |
| types of stressors | internal and external |
| eustress and distress | eustress- positive feelings associated with a stressor (graduating college is stressful but it grants sense of accomplishment) distress- negative feelings associated with a stressor (upcoming exams, losing a loved one, illness) |
| cognitive appraisal | mediates between a stressor and our response to it (helps limit intensity of our response to stress) |
| physiological effects of stress response | hypothalamus - stress central - activates the autonomic nervous system and pituitary gland |
| ANS during stress response | regulates organs: respiration^, heart rate^, blood pressure^, muscles open passages of throat-easier to breathe, digestion stops. -hormones are released, adrenaline and noradrenalin, endorphins are released-our opiods |
| pituitary gland during stress response | 2 hormones release: thyrotropic hormone (TTH)-makes more energy and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-releases steriouds |
| chronic stress on lab animals | prolonged stress exposure led to: enlarged adrenal gland, shrinking of lymph nodes and thymus(immune system), stomachs had bleeding ulcers |
| psychosomatic diseases | diseases caused by chronic psychological stress reactions to perceived threat |
| emotional stress response | irritation, anger, depression, burnout, PTSD |
| cognitive stress response | narrowing of attention, rigidity of thought, interference with judgement, problem-solving memory |
| psychological stress response | mild stress- can enhance performance and pleasant moderate stress-disrupts behavior, endorphins are released, actions are repeated such as fidgeting or self harming to distract pain from stressor severe stress-suppresses behavior, body shuts down |
| coping definition | cognitive and behavioral efforts to master, reduce, or tolerate the internal and external demands of a stressor |
| types of coping | problem focused- emotion focused- |
| hardy personality 3 characteristics | having control: you can change the future having commitment: life has meaning and purpose having challenge- challenges are okay and mastery is important |
| optimists v. pessimists | optimists- don't give up because bad events are temporary, external factors exist pessimists- give up because bad events are permanent, internal factor is to blame (themselves) |
| explanatory styles dimensions | thinking about permanence, pervasiveness (does everything change or not), and personalization (whos responsible) |
| ABCDE method of becoming an optomist | step 1: identify adversity, belief and consequences step 2: distraction, disputation, and energization |
| ACEs | adverse childhood experiences show long term health issues |
| ACE score of 4 or more | suicidality risk is 12x higher than someone with no ACEs. life expentancy is 20 years reduced . lung cancer and heart disease risk is higher |
| ACE score of 7 or more | 3x risk of lung cancer and 3.5x risk for heart disease |
| mental disorder | condition that occurs when a group of symptoms/behaviors interfere with a person's functioning in one or more areas in life |
| historical explanations for mental illness | supernatural- sonatogenic- psychogenic- |
| todays explanations for mental illness | biopsychosocial model |
| America and mental illness | 1 in 5 adults have diagnosable mental disorder; 1 in 25 adults have serious functional impairment from mental illness |
| comorbidity | having two or more diseases at the same time |
| stigma of mental illness | shame, dishonor of having mental illness. Interferes with people seeking treatment. |
| interventions to combat stigma | -education on myths around mental health -correcting negative self-stigmatizing thoughts -increasing agency (focus on accomplishments) -increase empowerment and hope |
| Brain Research Through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies (Brain initiative) | Obamas new system of classifying and studying mental illness |
| anxiety disorder in women | women are more sensitive to low levels of cortocotropin, a hormone for stress response -2 times as vulnerable to disorders than men |
| DSM 5- diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders | breaks down anxiety into 10 disorders. each have different behavioral disturbances, but they all include fear and anxiety |
| physical components of anxiety | accelerated heart rate, difficulty breathing, digestive problems, trembling, sweating, muscle tension, difficulty sleeping or restlessness |
| cognitive components of anxiety | distractibility, short attention span, forgetfulness, racing thoughts, irritibility |
| 333 method for anxiety | see 3 things, hear 3 things, move 3 body parts |
| cognitive behavioral therapy | best therapy for anxiety |
| anxiety medications | valium, klonopin, ativan, xanax, SSRIs (prozac, zoloft, lexapro) |
| major depressive disorder | 1/3 of women have been diagnosed at some point in their life, compared to 20% of men |
| bipolar disorder type 1 | extreme mania and psychotic episodes |
| autism | 1 in 36 children are diagnosed, boys are 4x more likely to have. genes are typically inherited from father |
| primary appraisal (cog. app) | determine whether the stressor represents: harm/loss, threat, challenge |
| secondary appraisal (cog. app) | evaluation of coping resources and options for: physical, social, psychological, and material resources. how are you going to help yourself |
| analgesia | temporary pain relief during stress response |
| 5 criteria for psychosomatic diseases | -source of stress is present before symptoms -powerless to change situation/emotions -ANS activation is chronic and long-standing -defense mechanisms are broken down -organ systems are affected |
Created by:
liz gelles