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3 Population Distribution Patterns
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study of interaction within populations; how it changes through time
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EnviSci Midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 3 Population Distribution Patterns | clumped uniform random |
| study of interaction within populations; how it changes through time | Population Ecology |
| 5 Properties of Population | Population Density Population Natality Population Mortality Age Distribution Immigration and Emigration |
| an individual has an equal probability of occurring anywhere in an area | Random Pattern |
| individuals are uniformly spaced through the environment | regular pattern |
| individuals live in areas of high local abundance which are separated by areas of low abundance | clumped pattern |
| neutral interactions between individuals and local environment | Random Pattern |
| antagonistic interactions between individuals or local depletion of resources | regular pattern |
| attraction between individuals to a common resource | clumped pattern |
| loss of fragmentation of forests, grasslands, wetlands and wildlife habitat | land and biodiversity degradation |
| increased use and pollution of surface and groundwater | water degradation |
| increased energy use and waste. Increased emission of carbon dioxide | energy, air and climate degradation |
| decline of downtown business districts | economy effect |
| study of the changes of relative number of organisms in populations and factors explaining the changes | Population Dynamics |
| Influenced by natality, mortality, emigration and immigration | Population growth rate |
| If immigration and emigration are ignored | Population Growth |
| population change formula | (births + immigration) - (death + emigration) |
| affect the population regardless of the number of individuals and include natural phenomena such as drought, floods | Density independent factors |
| factors in the environment that depends on the number of members in a population per unit area. Influence a population in proportion to its size | Density dependent factors |
| 2 types of population growth curve: | exponential (unrestricted) logistic (restricted) |
| growth that is restricted by the carrying capacity of environment | logistic growth |
| a holistic science that integrates knowledge from biology, chemistry, physics and geology | environmental science |
| T/F: If the environment you're living in isn't healthy, you won't be healthy either | true malamang |
| ______ would be very important on _____ since the atmosphere and overall environment there is much different than earth | Environmental health, Mars |
| Air pollution can affect _____ and breathing | lungs |
| Car exhaust fumes can decrease weight in ______ | ovaries |
| What body systems are affected by pollution? | 1. Respiratory 2. Reproductive |
| uses natural science to protect the environment | environmental scientist |
| makes sure that living spaces are healthy and hygienic | environmental health officer |
| investigate complaints about air or water quality and fixes them | environmental science and protection technician |
| ______ is caused by gases and poisons coming from factories burning fossil fuel | pollution |
| ______ is an increasing problem on Earth. Polar ice melting, changes in seasons and new sicknesses | climate change |
| 3 R's | reuse reduce recycle |
| some of your values could change if you decide to become more eco-friendly | spiritual effect |
| if your environment is messy or distracting you tend to feel more negative | emotional effect |
| volunteering to plant trees or clean up | social effect |
| if you decide to walk places instead of driving | physical effect |
| if you decide to become more environmentally friendly | intellectual effect |
| variety of life found in a place on Earth or, often, the total variety of life on Earth | Biodiversity |
| Biodiversity is also called _____ | biological diversity |
| The genetic, species and ecological variation of a given area | Biodiversity |
| Three Types of Biodiversity | Genetic diversity Species diversity Ecological diversity |
| is a measure of the variety of different versions of the same genes within individual species. | Genetic diversity |
| assesses the richness and complexity of a biological community | Ecological diversity |
| describes the number of different kinds of organisms within individual communities or ecosystems. | Species diversity |
| all the organisms potentially able to breed in nature and produce fertile offspring | Biological species concept |
| which emphasizes the branching (or cladistic) relationships among species or higher taxa, regardless of whether organisms can breed successfully | Phylogenetic species concept |
| which defines species in evolutionary and historic terms rather than reproductive potential. | Evolutionary species concept |
| they identified biodiversity hot spots | Norman Myers and Russell Mittermeier |
| biodiversity hotspots are areas that contain at least _________ (species that occur nowhere else) and have lost at least __ percent of their habitat due to various anthropogenic factors | 1,500 endemics 70 % |
| Using plants and land-based vertebrates as indicators, they have proposed __ hotspots that are a high priority for conservation because they have both high biodiversity and a high risk of disruption by human activities | 34 |
| T/F: Myers and Mittermeier used plants and land-based vertebrates as indicators | true |
| Biodiversity “hot spots,” identified by Conservation International, tend to be in ______ or ______________ climates | tropical or Mediterranean |
| T/F: biodiversity hotspots are usually found in islands, mountains or coastlines | true |
| human threats to biodiversity | Habitat destruction Invasive Species Pollution Population Overharvesting |
| HIPPO leads to ______ | extinction |
| Species die out and are replaced by others, often their own descendants, as part of evolutionary change | Extinction |
| Studies of the fossil record suggest that more than_______ of all species that ever existed are now extinct | 99 percent |
| A major threat to native biodiversity in many places is from accidentally or deliberately introduced species | Invasive Species |
| organisms that move into new territory | Invasive Species |
| where toxic pollutants can have disastrous effects on local populations of organisms | Pollution |
| _______-linked declines of top predators, such as eagles, osprey, falcons, and pelicans, were well documented in the 1970s | Pesticide |
| ____ poisoning is another major cause of mortality for many species of wildlife | Lead |
| ______ is key to biodiversity protection | Legislation |
| R.A. 9147 | Wildlife Act of 2001 |
| It shall be the policy of the State to conserve the country's wildlife resources and their habitats for sustainability | R.A. 9147 Wildlife Act of 2001 |
| Wildlife Act of 2001 | R.A. 9147 |
| refers to species or subspecies that is facing extremely high risk of extinction in the wild in the immediate future. | Critically endangered species |
| examples of critically endangered species | bubalus mindoronensis nepenthes kitanglad |
| refers to species or subspecies that is not critically endangered but whose survival in the wild is unlikely if the causal factors continue operating | Endangered species |
| examples of Endangered species | Penelopides affinis Shorea ovata |
| refers to species or subspecies that is not critically endangered nor endangered but is under threat from adverse factors throughout their range and is likely to move to the endangered category in the near future | Vulnerable species |
| Vulnerable species examples | Varanus bitatawa Liparis sp |
| refers to species or subspecies which is naturally occurring and found only within specific areas of the country | Endemic species |
| Endemic species examples | Naja samarensis Kanapia |
| refers to species or subspecies which do not occur naturally in the country | Exotic species |
| Exotic species examples | Heliconia Chelus |
| means species which have actual or potential value in trade or utilization for commercial purpose | Economically important species |
| Economically important species examples | Bubalus bubalis Cocos nucifera |
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