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Biology 1010 Exam 2
Chapters 5,6,7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Dehydration Synthesis | A reaction where two smaller molecules are joined chemically by removing elements from each of the molecules. |
| Hydrolysis | A chemical Reaction that Breaks bonds between two molecules by the addition of water; functions in disassembly of polymers and monomers. |
| Dehydration Synthesis vs. Hydrolysis | Chemical reaction JOINING to form a larger molecule by removing water VS. Breaking down a larger molecule into smaller molecules by adding water molecules. |
| Monomer | Subunit that serves as a building block of a polymer. Atoms or small molecules that form together to form complex structures |
| Polymer | A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together by covalent bonds. Made of many small molecules |
| A monomer is a ________________________ of a polymer. | Building Block |
| What are the 4 Classes of Macromolecules? | Carbohydrates, Proteins, Nucleic Acids, Lipids. |
| Carbohydrates | A source of energy that provide structural support. (Think Mardi Gras Beads for form) |
| Proteins | Wide range of function. Catalyzing reactions and transporting substances into and out of cells. (Think difference ribbon sizes tied together and dumped onto floor for picture) |
| Nucleic Acids | Store genetic information and funciton in gene expression (similar to dna strand - beads between ribbons) |
| Lipids | Group of diverse molecules that do not mix well with water. Providing energy, making up cell membranes and acting as hormones. |
| Macromolecules | Giant Molecule formed by joining of smaller molecules. Polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids are examples. |
| Monosaccharide | Simplist form of sugar and most basic units of carbohydrates. |
| Disaccharide | A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic linkage formed by a dehydration reaction. |
| Polysaccharide | A carbohydrate whose molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together. |
| What is the difference between a Monosaccharide, Disaccharide and Polysaccharide? | A monosaccharide is composed of one simple sugar. exs. Glucose, fructose and galactose. A Disaccharide is composed of two simple sugars bonded together. Exs. Maltose=Glucose + Glucose, Lactose= Glucose+Galactose, Sucrose= Glucose, Fructose. A Polysaccharide is lots of saccharides bonded together. Exs. Starch=lots of glucose, Cellulose= Lots of Glucose- Starch and Cellulose have difference configurations. |
| What are Carbohydrates composed of? | Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen C, H, O |
| What is the ratio that Carbohydrates are composed of? | 1:2:1 |
| What is the approximate general formula of Carbohydrates? | CH2O The number of C should be the same as the number of O and there should be twice/two times as many H |
| Ketose | Carbonyl group WITHIN the carbon skeleton |
| Aldose | Carbonyl group at the END of a carbon skeleton |
| What is the Alphabet trick for Ketose and Aldose? | A is at the BEGINNING of the alphabet. The carbonyl group C=O is at the BEGINNING of the carbon skeleton. K is in the MIDDLE of the alphabet. The carbonyl C=O is in the MIDDLE of the carbon skeleton. |
| Glycosidic Linkage | a chemical bond.... Covalent connection that connects a carbohydrate molecule to another group. |
| What is the difference between Glycogen, Chitin and Cellulose? | Glycogen is linked in MANY Branching Chains. Chitin and Cellulose form long SINGLE chains and pack together tightly. |
| Out of Glycogen, Chitin and Cellulose, Which can humans digest? | Glycogen Humans lack the necessary enzymes to break down Chitin and Cellulose. |
| What trait do all lipids share? | They are at least Hydrophobic. They do not dissolve in water and are considered non polar molecules. |
| Hydrophobic | Having no affinity for water; tending to coalesce and form droplets in water. Think: Oil |
| Hydrophilic | Having an affinity for water. Dissolve Think: Salt, Sugar, Alcohol |
| Saturated Fats | Single bond between carbon atoms in fatty acid chains. SOLID at room temperature |
| Unsaturated Fats | Fatty acids that contain at least one double bond within the fatty acid chain. LIQUID at room temperature. |
| What is Butter? | Saturated Fat |
| What is Oil? | Unsaturated Fat |
| Triacylglycerol | A lipid consisting of three fatty acids linked to one glycerol molecule. aka: Triglyceride. Fat. |
| Glycerol + 3 Fatty Acid Chains | Triacylglycerol |
Created by:
Cocitam08