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Although the human services field can include a variety of job titles and careers, they all have the following in common
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The following statement that's accurate regarding the differences in social work and human services is
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human services
midterm review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Although the human services field can include a variety of job titles and careers, they all have the following in common | They help people meet their basic needs that for whatever reason can't be met without outside assistance. |
| The following statement that's accurate regarding the differences in social work and human services is | Social work have state licensing requirements to become licensed to practice, whereas there are currently no state licensing requirements for human services. |
| When are human services needed? | When people are confronted with barriers to getting their basic needs met and when people's resources for overcoming obstacles are insufficient. |
| The term "generalist" in describing a human services professional implies? | That knowledge base is broad and varied. |
| What is the primary goal of human services | To work with individuals and families to remove barriers that may be keeping them from meeting their needs. |
| The NOHS Ethical Standards for Human Services Professionals emphasis on social justice is? | Structural problems within society are primarily responsible for many of the social problems experienced by marginalized populations, and a solid social safety net that ensures a basic level of services will allow people to function at their optimal level |
| A human services professional is a generic term for people who hold a paraprofessional job in settings such as? | Group homes, halfway houses, family, child and youth services agencies. |
| Janice, a human services professional, works with Mary to be more self-sufficient. Janice sees Mary every other week to talk about her money and her expenses, They work on budgeting and job skills. Based on this info, on what level is Mary working with? | Micro |
| Which term implies the broad and varied knowledge base of the human services profession? | Generalist |
| Tammy works as a behavioral management aide and carries a credential as a broad-certified practitioner. Based on this info, what's most likely to be Tammy's academic area and highest degree level? | Human services; BA or BS |
| What does microsystem include? | Individuals |
| According to Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, the mesosytem is the interaction between individuals' microsystems, which excludes | The interaction between a child's parents and teacher, neighborhood friend and the child's parents, AND superintendent of a school and the child's teacher. |
| In the person-in-environment approach, clients are evaluated on which levels? | Micro and macro |
| The macrosystem includes? | Elements such as one's broader culture |
| Urie Bronfenbrenner believed that individuals could best be understood when seen in the context of their relationship with? | Various systems in their lives |
| According to ecosystems theory, overlapping concentric circles represents the? | Reciprocal exchange between people and environment |
| The idea that "lower-level needs must be met before an individual can achieve higher-level needs" describes? | Maslow's hierarchy of needs |
| Many policy experts frame the feudal system as? | A governmentally imposed form of slavery or servitude |
| The commonly held societal belief during medieval times was that poverty was? | Unavoidable within society |
| During the early part of the Middle Ages in England, the church was responsible for poor relief, which was facilitated through? | Mandatory taxes or compulsory tithing administered by Catholic bishops |
| The development of England's earliest "poor laws" was prompted by which of the following? | Individuals moving to the city to work in factories |
| Between 1350 and 1550, about what percentage of people were poor? | 33% |
| Tudor poor laws placed responsibility for dealing with the poor at the _______ level? | local |
| With respected to the Tudor Poor Laws, beggars and vagrants who were unable to work were considered ______, while beggars and vagrants who were able to work were considered_____. | Worthy poor, unworthy poor |
| Pregnant women, individual who were extremely ill and unable to work, or any person over the age of 60 were? | Often considered the worthy poor and often resided in settlement houses or almshouses |
| The Elizabethan Poor Laws of 1601? | Were an organized merging of England's earlier, sometimes conflicting and erratic, social welfare legislation. |
| Outdoor relief refers to assistance provided? | Food baskets and medicine in the home environment of the person in need. |
| What is a driving principle of the English Poor Laws of 1601? | Poor relief should be handled at local level |
| According to Calvinist theology, behaviors that became indicators of one's eternal fate included? | Hard work and charity |
| The reason why Max Weber's analysis of Calvinism and the Protestant ethic is important when examining the history of social welfare policy is because of its influence on? | Political leaders and their treatment of the poor |
| _______, established by Reverend S. Humphreys Gurteen, is considered one of the forerunners of the modern social services profession and marked one of the first organized efforts within the United States to provide charity to the poor. | The Charity Organization Society |
| Rita, social services worker, believes that charity should come from four places: people's willingness to help themselves, families that want to help, neighbors that want to help, and the wealthy to help their community. What is Rita's perspective? | Rita believes in scientific charity, which involves intelligent giving. |
| Social Darwinism posited that? | Human competitiveness for limited resources is necessary in securing the survival of the "fittest" members of society. |
| The overriding purpose of the Charity Organization Society was to? | Develop a system where each case of aid was thoroughly investigated by "friendly visitors" so that the root cause of poverty could be determined and eliminated. |
| Who was the chief founder of the Settlement House movement? | Jane Addams |
| Founders of the Settlement House involvement perceived societal conditions and the hardship of immigration? | As the primary cause of poverty |
| Founders of the Settlement House believed? | That social and economic reform actually called for the settlement house workers to reside in the home, alongside the immigrant families they helped. |
| Although there are no working settlement houses today, the prevailing concept espoused by this model remains, with the recognition of the need for? | Comprehensive care for individuals who suffer from poverty and social displacement. |
| ______ was social reformer who used her newspaper, Free Speech, to write about matters of racial oppression and inequity, including the vast amount of socially sanctioned crimes committed against members of the Black community. | Ida Wells |
| Civil Works Administration, the Federal Emergency Relief Act, the Civilian Conservation Core, and the Social Security Act of 1935 are examples of? | Programs created by President Roosevelt in response to the Great Depression. |
| The ______ programs were introduced by President Lyndon B. Johnson to eliminate poverty and racial injustice. | Great Society |
| Who signed the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act (PRWORA) of 1996 into law? | President Bill Clinton |
| Jackson embraces the belief that capitalism and the free-market economy are far better solutions to many social issues, including poverty, than gov't programs, which he presumes are inefficient and poorly run. Thus, Jackson espouses? | Neoliberal philosophies |
| What legislation expanded existing hate crimes legislation to include crimes committed against individuals based on perceived gender, sexual orientation, and gender identity? | Matthew Shepard and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act |
| Common arguments for welfare reform include the belief that? | Hardship is often the result of laziness, providing assistance will increase laziness (and thus dependence), hence increasing hardship, not decreasing it AND those in need often receive services at the expense of the working population. |
| Jackson believes that the morality of an act cab determined based on context in which it occurs. Based on this info, Jackson subscribes to the idea of? | Relative moral principles |
| Jill, a human services student, aspires to be an ethical professional. She thinks that the best way to accomplish this is to learn the long list of rules that determine ethical behavior. Based on this info, it appears that she subscribes the idea of? | Universal moral principles |
| According to Kohlberg, it's important to consider someone's _____ ability to apply moral reasoning to their behavior before judging them. | Cognitive |
| The purpose of Kohlberg's Heinz dilemma is to? | Determine an individual's ethical reasoning ability |
| Having ever-evolving codes or ethics enables a profession to? | Remain current with contemporary ethical thinking |
| Violations of legally enforced ethical standards can result in? | Professional sanctions, including license suspensions, financial sanctions and criminal penalties |
| When a certain act is being evaluated to determine its ethical nature, Kitchener's model would have the evaluators ask whether the professional acted with? | Autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice and fidelity. |
| When human services providers illustrate a commitment to their clients, according to Kitchener, they're illustrating their _____ to the client. | Fidelity |
| The ethical standards that govern the human services profession depend on many variables, all except? | client population with they work |
| What's the purpose of the NOHS ethical standards? | Provide human services professionals and educators with guidelines to help them manage ethical dilemmas effectively. |
| The NOHS ethical standards include? | A section for human services professionals and one for human services educators. |
| The general theme of human services ethical standards. among other things, include? | Doing no harm if at all possible |
| Generalist counseling services may include? | Providing emotional support, HIPAA statement AND duty to warn. |
| What is the disclosure provided to clients about the nature and risks of the counseling relationship? | Informed consent |
| Keeping info shared by clients in the counseling relationship secret is? | Required by law but dependent upon the info shared and the nature of the counseling relationship. |
| What do the limits of confidentiality refer to? | Occasions when a counselor is legally required to break confidentiality. |
| The legal document that's signed by the client that provides all relevant info about what info will be released and for what purpose is called? | Authorization to release information |
| When clients pose a danger to themselves or others, a counselor has a? | Duty-to-warn and duty-to-protect |
| If a minor child discloses during a counseling session that she is being sexually abused by her uncle, the practitioner is? | Legally obligated to report this info to the child protective services to ensure the child's safety. |
| The cases Tarasoff v, The Regents of University of California I and II serve as a basis for laws pertaining to? | A therapist's legal duty to warn potential victims when a client discloses info revealing a plan to harm them. |
| HIPAA laws provide patients with the right to? | Have their personally identifiable medical and mental health info and records remain confidential and protected. |
| When a counselor can understand the beliefs, thoughts, feelings and experiences from the client's perspective, the counselor is being? | Empathetic |
| ______ is a report that includes comprehensive info about clients and their needs that will be relied on when developing an intervention and treatment plan. | Psychosocial assessment |
| Genograms are based on which theory? | Family systems theory |
| Genograms are based on what premise? | Inter-and intrarelational pattern are transmitted from one generation to the next. |
| Bowen believes that the goal for achieving positive well-being is to? | Find the balance between achieving personal autonomy and individuation while maintaining appropriate closeness with one's family system. |
| Bowen describes a person who is so close to their family of origin that independent decisions are considered a betrayal as possible being ______. | Enmeshed |
| Why is a family genogram an effective counseling tool? | It enables the counselor and client to develop a more complete understanding of family dynamics that are affecting the client i the ways perhaps never before recognized or acknowledged. |
| What is a significant change in the most recent edition of the DSM? | Personality disorders and the general medical conditions are now recorded on Axis I, rather than Axis II and Axis III, respectively. |
| Case management? | Involves the coordination of services with the other systems impacting the life of the client. |
| What's the counseling technique developed by the School of Social Services at the University of Illinois (Reid, 1975), where a client's problems are broken down into smaller and more easily manageable parts? | Task-centered approach |
| Human services professionals working in the field of child and family services may do all but? | Child sexual abuse medical examinations |
| Prior to the Civil War the common belief about children was that they needed? | To be treated with harsh discipline or they would fall victim to laziness and vice. |
| The development f the field of psychology in the first quarter of the twentieth century led to the emerging belief that children were? | Essentially good by nature and needed to be treated with kindness, love and nurturing. |
| Prior to the Industrial Revolution, orphan were often? | Sold into apprenticeships, which were sometimes no better than slavery. |
| The reason(s) for the high number of orphans during the late 1800s and early 1900s included all but? | Tendency for poor immigrants to abandon their children. |
| What's the Orphan Trains? | A program that arranged for orphans to take trains west to be fostered by farming families. |
| What's significant difference between child welfare programs of 100 years ago and those of today? | The majority of children in substitute care today are not orphans but are victims of child maltreatment. |
| A reduction in the removal of children from their homes due to poverty is primarily due to? | Gov't public assistance programs developed in the 1960s. |
| As of September 30, 2017, there were approximately _____ children in the U.S. foster care system. | 442,995 |
| The U.S. Constitution guarantees certain liberties to parents by giving them the right to parent their child in the manner they see fit. Such liberties are balanced by? | The parents' duty to protect their child's safety and ensure their well-being. |
| The Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) of 1974 was established to ensure that? | Children of maltreatment are reported to the appropriate authorities. |
| The Adoption and Safe Families Act amended and made improvements to the Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980, including? | New shortened timeframe for a child's permanency hearing. |
| The Fostering Connections to Success and Increasing Adoptions Act of 2008? | Provided increased incentives for kinship care. |
| The federal gov't general categories of child maltreatment includes? | Neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and emotional abuse. |
| ____ interviewing techniques were developed in response to mental health providers asking leading questions of children in suspected abuse investigations. | Forensic |
| Forensic-interviewing protocol teaches interviewers how to ask? | Open-ended questions, using retrieval cues that relay on free recall. |
| It's important for CPS agencies to adopt a risk assessment and decisions-making model when assessing a case of suspected child abuse because of the? | Of the potential for bias to enter into the investigative process, leading to unreliable and inconsistent evaluations. |
| According to the CARF system, where children were determined to be maltreated and unsafe, the offending parents were often? | Out of control, frequently violent, showed no remorse, may actually request placement and didn't respond to previous attempts to intervene. |
| The Best Interest of the Child standard may sound great on the surface, but it's been the subject of significant scrutiny due to? | Concern about how the standard will be applied. |
| Family preservation programs are designed to? | Reduce the need for out-of-home placement by intervening in a family process before the dynamics deteriorate to the point of requiring the removal of the children. |
| Children of color are overrepresented in the foster care system, comprising nearly ______ percent of all placements in the year 2018. | 54 |
| Latina/o children have historically been ____ in the child welfare system, but in the last two decades have become ______. | Significantly underrepresented; slightly overrepresented. |
| Between 1941 and 1978, approximately _____ percent of all Native American children were removed from their homes due primarily to poverty and social deprivation and place either in orphanages or with Caucasian families, many of whom later adopted them. | 70 |
| The Indian Child Welfare Act (PL 95-608)? | Prevents the unjustified removal of Native American children from their homes. |
| Alaska Native children are _____ times more likely to be in foster care than non-native children. | Seven |
| Notwithstanding th4 high presence of runaway and homeless youth who express faith in God, an estimated ____ percent attempt suicide. | 40 |
| The Runaway and Homeless Youth Act (RHYA) provides? | A programmatic funding for unaccompanied homeless youth, particularly the most vulnerable among them, such as racial/ethnic minorities and sexual minorities. |
| What's the age range of most gang members? | Between 13 and 25 |
| Notwithstanding the preponderance of theories about why people join gangs, most sociological and anthropological theories focus on? | The sense of solidarity and feelings of belonging that gangs can provide members |
| Approximately ____ percent of homeless youth attempt suicide. | 25 |
| The increase in the older adult population in the United States is often referred to as? | The Graying of America |
| The baby boomers are those individuals born? | Between 1946 and 1964 |
| Approximately how many individuals fall into the cohort of baby boomers? | 76 million individuals representing roughly 29 percent of the U.S. population. |
| Similarities among members of the baby boomer cohort have all the following except? | Consumer debt |
| In 1900 the average human lifespan in the United States was about ____, but by 1999 it had increased to about ______ years. | 47;77 |
| According to Erik Erikson, each stage of development involves facing a(n) _____ brought by the combining forces of both physiological changes and psychosocial need. | Unique challenge or crisis |
| What's the eighth stage of Erikson's model, spanning from age 65 until death? | Integrity versus despair |
| Erikson believed that individuals in the age range of 65 and older needed to? | Reflect on their lives, taking stock in their choices and the value of their various achievements. |
| What theory explores how an individual moves from a strong connection to the material world to transcending above material aspects of the world into a more existential approach to living? | Tornstam's theory of middle adulthood |
| Daniel Levinson believed that a developmental task for aging adults was to become more? | Internally anchored and intrinsic in their self-identity. |
| One of the variables at play in some people aging better than others includes? | Maintaining moderately high levels of physical and social activity. |
| The process of withdrawing from the world due to diminished capacity and opportunity can result in which following in the older adult population? | Depression and loneliness |
| Human services agencies called Area Agencies on Aging (AAA) are the result of the? | Social Security Act of 1932 |
| Any attitude or behavior negatively categorizes older adults based either on partial truth or outright myths of the aging process is called? | Ageism |
| Miller, Leyell and Mazacheck's 2004 study that reviewed television commercials from the 1950s to the 1960 found that depictions of the older adult population in the last two decades were? | Generally positive |
| A longitudinal study that followed 1200 adults that were from independent living to age-restricted housing found that those who transitioned to government-subsidized housing programs fared ____ those who transitioned to more expensive communities. | worse than |
| Robert Atchley's study of the stages of retirement found that directly after the honeymoon phase many retire experienced? | Disenchantment, where they became disillusioned with what they thought retirement was going to be like> |
| Current figures estimate that approximately _____ U.S. households are comprised of grandparents co-residing with grandchildren under the age of 18. | 7 million |
| The chief reasons why grandparents become surrogate parents include all of the following except? | A sharp rise in teen pregnancies |
| The general symptoms of dementia include all but? | Inability to maintain body weight |
| The majority of reported elder abuse victims are? | White women |
| Utsey, Payne, Jackson and Jones's 2002 study found that among African Americans there was a link between racism and? | Stress and lower life satisfaction |
| According to SAMHSA (2019), about ____ Americans over the age of 18 experienced some type of mental illness in 2018. | 47.6 million |
| What term connotes an inclusive, multidimensional conceptualization of mental wellness? | Behavioral Health |
| Early in human history mental illness was commonly believed to be caused by? | Demonic possession |
| In Colonial America, the insane were often housed in? | Almshouses or specialize hospitals for the insane |
| Historically, the typical "treatment" people who were mentally ill received in asylums and almshouses included? | Beating with chains and rods |
| Drs. Pinel and Pussin are best known for? | Unchaining up to 5000 patients in a mental hospital |
| Dorthea Dix's plea to Massachusetts state legislature in 1843 was relation to? | Deplorable conditions in mental hospitals |
| What allowed for the creation of the National Institute of Mental Health? | Passage of the National Mental Health Act |
| The passage of the Community Mental Health Centers Act | Initiated the deinstitutionalization movement |
| Among the most serious criticisms of deinstitutionalization was? | A lack of federal funding of community mental health centers |
| What was accurate regarding the Mental Health Parity Act? | It barred employee-sponsored group health insurance plans from hiding limiting coverage for mental health benefits on a greater basis than for general medical or surgical benefits. |
| ____ are specialized courts that divert mentally ill defendants into court-mandated, community-based treatment programs with the goal of addressing public safety and providing compassionate and effective care for people with serious mental health issues. | Mental health courts |
| What are hallucinations? | Sensations that are experienced but are not real |
| The frequent trailing -off into incoherent talk, often referred to as "word salad", reflects? | Disorganized thinking and speech |
| The absence of normal behavior such as the lack of emotion, a complete lack of speech, and extreme apathy are commonly referred to as? | Negative symptoms |
| What theory posits that depression is related to negative or irrational thinking? | Cognitive-behavioral theory |
| Personality disorders include all but? | Hallucinations and delusional thinking |
| Saleebey encourages human services professionals to recognize that all clients? | Are resilient by nature and have the potential to grow and heal in the face of crisis and adversity |
| Sullivan (1992) was one of the first theorists to apply a(n) ____ perspective on the areas of chronic mental illness. | Strengths |
| Mental health courts are modeled after drug courts and are designed to? | Divert appropriate mentally ill defendants to community-based programs that are supervised by the courts |
| According to researchers, ethnic minority populations are often poorly served in mental health centers because of? | A lack of culturally competent counselors and bilingual counselors. |
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